The spatial deconcentration of population during the 20th century and the resulting expansion of human settlements has been a significant cause of anthropogenic landscape change in the United States and many other countries. In the seven-state North Central Region, as in other regions of the US, changing human settlement patterns are most prominent at the outlying fringe of metropolitan areas a...

Novel approaches based on windowed Fourier transform for demodulation of fringe patterns were previously presented [Appl. Opt. 43, 2695-2702 (2004)], where extraction of phase and phase derivatives from either phase-shifted fringe patterns or a single-carrier fringe pattern was the main focus. I show that the same methods can be applied to process a single closed-fringe pattern in either noise ...

In research of photoelasticity, photoelastic fringe patterns are obtained through a circular polariscope with different optical arrangements and they are processed with image processing techniques in a personal computer. Image processing techniques are reviewed and discussed for stress analysis of the photoelastic fringes in this paper. The image processing techniques include fringe sharpening,...

fringe encodes a glycosyltransferase that modulates the ability of the Notch receptor to be activated by its ligands. We describe studies of fringe function during early stages of Drosophila oogenesis. Animals mutant for hypomorphic alleles of fringe contain follicles with an incorrect number of germline cells, which are separated by abnormally long and disorganized stalks. Analysis of clones o...

High-resolution TEM is well-suited to characterizing nanocrystals, where lattice fringes serve as a source of structural information [1, 2]. For example, 3D lattice parameters can be measured from 2D lattice fringe images taken at as few as two different specimen orientations [3-6]. Recent work has shown that lattice fringe-visibility maps, a thin-specimen extension of bend-contour and channeli...

The formation of boundaries between groups of cells is a universal feature of metazoan development. Drosophila fringe modulates the activation of the Notch signal transduction pathway at the dorsal-ventral boundary of the wing imaginal disc. Three mammalian fringe-related family members have been cloned and characterized: Manic, Radical and Lunatic Fringe. Expression studies in mouse embryos su...

Fringe modulates Notch signaling resulting in the establishment of compartmental boundaries in developing organisms. Fringe is a beta 3N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (beta 3GlcNAcT) that transfers GlcNAc to O-fucose in epidermal growth factor-like repeats of Notch. Here we use five different Chinese hamster ovary cell glycosylation mutants to identify a key aspect of the mechanism of fringe ac...