ABSTRACT- In recent years, intensive drought has caused a severe yield reduction in rain-fed trees. Increasing runoff of low amount rainfall can be used to provide partial water requirement of rain-fed trees. To achieve this objective, some strategies including gravel removal (G), rill construction across to slope (R) and applying of baking soda (S) and their effects on runoff, rainfall infiltr...

Water is the most production limiting factor for dryland cropping systems in semiarid Great Plains environments. Evaporation is responsible for the greatest amount of water loss and management practices such as notill have been adopted to reduce evaporative losses. Less is known about the magnitude of water loss due to runoff. An objective of this study is to estimate an expected range in rainf...

In this study we analyzed runoff and sediment yield from land under various traditional and current land uses in Mediterranean mountain areas, using long-term data from an experimental station in the Aísa Valley, Central Spanish Pyrenees. The Aísa Valley Experimental Station was established in 1991. The operation and monitoring at this station has provided 20 years of data that can help explain...

A central problem for the game theoretic analysis of voting is that voting games have very many Nash equilibria. In this paper, we consider a new refinement concept for voting games that combines two ideas that appear reasonable for voting games: First, trembling hand perfection (voters sometimes make mistakes when casting their vote) and second, coordination of voters with similar interests. W...

In winter 1999-2000 trials of deep tillage and recontouring of skid trails were implemented on three sites in northeastern Kentucky, USA to examine their potential as skid trail retirement options. While effective, current Best Management Practices (BMPs) for trail retirement do not address two potential benefits of retirement: recovery of normal hill slope hydrology and amelioration of soil co...

Surface runoff from the Wei River basin, the largest tributary of the Yellow River in China, has dramatically decreased over last 51 years from 1958 to 2008. Climate change and human activities have been identified as the two main reasons for the decrease in runoff. The study period is split into two sub-periods (1958–1989 and 1990–2008) using the Mann–Kendall jump test. This study develops an ...

Environmental impacts of composting poultry litter with chemical amendments at the field scale have not been well quantified. The objectives of this study were to measure (i) P runoff and (ii) forage yield and N uptake from small plots fertilized with composted and fresh poultry litter. Two composting studies, aerated using mechanical turning, were conducted in consecutive years. Composted litt...

water erosion is a major environmental problem in many parts of the world. majority of semi-arid countries are concerned because of their specific climate and soils sensitivity, but also because of the recent intensification of human activities and agricultural practices. accurate estimation of water erosion for various land-use and climate scenarios is so an important key to define sustainable...