S TUDIES by Appleby et al. (1956), Gutierrez and tlungate (1957), Eadie et al. (1959) and Eadie and Hollson (1962) indicated that ciliate protozoa normally inhabiting the rumen exerted considerable influence upon end products of rumen fermentation and upon tureen bacterial populations. The full significance of protozoa to the nutrition of cattle and sheep is not clear. However, Christiansen et ...

The use of Tasco (air-dried Ascophyllum nodosum) as a feed supplement for ruminants has been reported to affect rumen fermentation and reduce Escherichia coli O157:H7 shedding in feces, but the mode of action behind this phenomenon is unclear. In this study, the effects of four Tasco levels (0, 1, 3, and 5%) on rumen microbiota and rumen/fecal E. coli O serogroups in rams were investigated. Rum...

Four rumen fistulated swamp buffaloes were randomly assigned according to a 4×4 Latin square design to investigate the effects of Eucalyptus (E. Camaldulensis) leaf meal (ELM) supplementation as a rumen enhancer on feed intake and rumen fermentation characteristics. The dietary treatments were as follows: T1 = 0 g ELM/hd/d; T2 = 40 g ELM/hd/d; T3 = 80 g ELM/hd/d; T4 = 120 g ELM/hd/d, respective...

The effects of probiotics, yucca extract, monensin and L-cysteine on rumen methanogenesis were determined by in vitro incubation using mixed bovine rumen microorganisms with ground Bermuda grass hay as a substrate. Two forms of probiotics, yucca extract, monensin and L-cysteine were tested during 24 hour anaerobic incubations. Methane and carbon dioxide production and fermentation characteristi...

Anaerobic, gram-negative, butyric acid-producing, curved rods have been isolated from the rumen of cattle and sheep by Hungate (1950), Huhtanen and Gall (1952), Wilson (1953), Maki and Foster (1957), and Gill and King (1958). Bryant and Small (1956) established a new genus, Butyrivibrio, for monotrichous strains of these bacteria. Organisms of this genus probably contribute significantly to the...

The aim of this experiment was to investigate rumen fermentation and some blood parameters of dromedary camels fed with C3 and C4 forage. Four fistulated dromedary adult camels were fed with diets as a changeover design, 30 days for each period. The diets included alfalfa hay + wheat straw (C3 forage) and atriplex+ suaeda + seidlitzia (C4 forage). At ...

The antiprotozoal effect of saponins is transitory, as when saponins are deglycosylated to sapogenins by rumen microorganisms they become inactive. We hypothesised that the combination of saponins with glycosidase-inhibiting iminosugars might potentially increase the effectiveness of saponins over time by preventing their deglycosylation in the rumen. Alternatively, modifying the structure of t...

This study was conducted to evaluate the possibility of alfalfa replacement with fenugreek hay for ruminants, using in vitro gas production parameters and some of rumen fermentation characteristics. For this propose, five different total mixed rations were formulated to meet nutrient requirements of 35 kg growing lambs with gradually replacement of alfalfa in control diet (T1) with different le...

Mao, H.L., Wu, C.H., Wang, J.K. and Liu, J.X. 2013. Synergistic effect of cellulase and xylanase on in vitro rumen fermentation and microbial population with rice straw as substrate. Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, 13: 477-487. The in vitro gas test was conducted to investigate the effects of cellulase (CEL) and xylanase (XYL) on in vitro rumen fermentation and microbial population with r...

The growing public concerns over chemical residues in animal-derived foods and threats of antibiotic-resistant bacteria have renewed interest in exploring safer alternatives to chemical feed additives in ruminant livestock. Various bioactive phytochemicals including saponins appear to be potential 'natural' alternatives to 'chemical' additives in modulating rumen fermentation favourably and ani...