sixteen multiparous lactating buffaloes after 8 weeks of calving and weighing 500 to 600 kg were used in a complete switch-back design with four groups. buffaloes in the first group were fed the control ration (r1) consisted of dm basis of 60% concentrate feed mixture (cfm)+20% rice straw (rs)+20% berseem hay (bh), while in the other groups the rations consisted of dm basis of 40% cfm+20% rs+40...

The rumen microbial ecosystem produces methane as a result of anaerobic fermentation. Methanogenesis in the rumen is thought to represent a 2-12% loss of energy intake and is estimated to be about 15% of total atmospheric methane emissions. While methanogenesis in the rumen is conducted by methanogens, PCR-based techniques have recently detected many uncultured methanogens which have a broader ...

The effect of rumen microbes on six mycotoxins (aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, zearalenone, T-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol, and deoxynivalenol ) considered to be health risks for domestic animals was investigated. The mycotoxins were incubated with intact rumen fluid or fractions of rumen protozoa and bacteria from sheep and cattle in the presence or absence of milled feed. Rumen fluid had no effec...

The present study was conducted to evaluate in vivo the role of rumen ciliate protozoa with respect to the methane-suppressing effect of coconut oil. Three sheep were subjected to a 2 x 2 factorial design comprising two types of dietary lipids (50 g x kg(-1) coconut oil vs. 50 g x kg(-1) rumen-protected fat) and defaunation treatment (with vs. without). Due to the defaunation treatment, which r...

Therapeutic efficacy of certain poly herbal formulations and probiotics along with heterologous cud transplantation was evaluated in simple indigestion in buffaloes. A total of 18 buffaloes suffering from simple indigestion were treated with Suruchi bolus (10 g twice daily) or Gastricare powder (15g twice daily) or Yeasacc bolus with heterologous cud from healthy sheep. Clinical examination and...

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is predominately associated with the detrimental effect of browning fruit and vegetables, however, interest within PPO containing forage crops (crops to be fed to animals) has grown since the browning reaction was associated with reduced nitrogen (N) losses in silo and the rumen. The reduction in protein breakdown in silo of red clover (high PPO forage) increased the qu...

In order to study the effects of a small difference in starch and nitrogen availability on proteolysis, two different diets were supplied to four ewes fitted with rumen fistulae. They differed in the ratio of fermentable nitrogen over fermentable energy. with 144 g of fermentable nitrogen (FN) per kg of fermentable energy (FE) for diet I and 126 g FN x kg(-1) FE for diet II. The diets were cons...

Improving the health beneficial fatty acid content of meat and milk is a major challenge requiring an increased understanding of rumen lipid metabolism. In this study, we isolated and characterized rumen bacterial lipases/esterases using functional metagenomics. Metagenomic libraries were constructed from DNA extracted from strained rumen fluid (SRF), solid-attached bacteria (SAB) and liquid-as...

1. In the utilization of urea by dairy cattle the first stage is probably the conversion of urea to NH3 in the rumen. Moreover, the urease activity of the rumen ingesta is so great at all times of the day, whatever the time of feeding, and remains so little affected by relatively large apaounts of urea, that all the urea ever likely to be fed, even to a high yielding cow in full lactation, woul...