In this survey paper we summarize the requirements for rule interchange languages for applications in the legal domain and use these requirements to evaluate RuleML, SBVR, SWRL and RIF. We also present the Legal Knowledge Interchange Format (LKIF), a new rule interchange format developed specifically for applications in the legal domain.

In this paper, we provide the preliminaries of basic concepts about association rule mining and survey the list of existing association rule mining techniques. Of course, a single article cannot be a complete review of all the algorithms, yet we hope that the references cited will cover the major theoretical issues, guiding the researcher in interesting research directions that have yet to be e...

spatial association rule mining is an important technique of spatial data mining. Mining spatial association rule is one of the most important branches in the field of spatial data, spatial data mining can extract the spatial patterns and characteristics, general relations of spatial and non spatial data and other data features in common that hidden in spatial database. This paper describes and...

This paper provides a survey of the itemset method for association rule generation. The paper discusses past research on the topic and also studies the relevance and importance of the itemset method in generating association rules. We discuss a number of variations of the association rule problem which have been proposed in the literature and their practical applications. Some inherent weakness...

This survey on hybrid machine translation (MT) is motivated by the fact that hybridization techniques have become popular as hey attempt to combine the best characteristics of highly advanced pure rule or corpus-based MT approaches. Existing research ypically covers either simple or more complex architectures guided by either rule or corpus-based approaches. The goal is to ombine the best prope...

This paper gives a survey of contrast set mining (CSM), emerging pattern mining (EPM), and subgroup discovery (SD) in a unifying framework named supervised descriptive rule discovery. While all these research areas aim at discovering patterns in the form of rules induced from labeled data, they use different terminology and task definitions, claim to have different goals, claim to use different...

Non-response is a problem for most surveys. In the sample design, non-response is often dealt with by setting a target response rate and inflating the sample size so that the desired number of interviews is reached. The decision to stop data collection is based largely on meeting the target response rate. A recent article by Rao, Glickman, and Glynn (RGG) suggests rules for stopping that are ba...

as a result of rule of law ideal, judges are required to act in accordance with laws. the ideal is justified by some political values: political liberty, legal liberty , personal liberty and equality. citizens are subject only to the law not to the arbitrary will or judgment of another who wields coercive government power. but in some cases law is indeterminate. in these cases there is an impor...

Fuzzy association rule mining (Fuzzy ARM) uses fuzzy logic to generate interesting association rules. These association relationships can help in decision making for the solution of a given problem. Fuzzy ARM is a variant of classical association rule mining. Classical association rule mining uses the concept of crisp sets. Because of this reason classical association rule mining has several dr...

Data mining is the analysis step of the "Knowledge Discovery in Databases" process, or KDD. It is the process that results in the discovery of new patterns in large data sets. It utilizes methods at the intersection of artificial intelligence, machine learning, statistics, and database systems. The overall goal of the data mining process is to extract knowledge from an existing data set and tra...