BackgroundRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been proposed as a promising therapeutic intervention for neurological disorders. However, the precise mechanisms of rTMS in neural excitability remains poorly understood. Estradiol is known to have strong influence on cortical excitability. This study aimed determine whether high-frequency (HF) influences endogenous estradiol ma...

Background: Aphasia is a common outcome of Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) in which clinical interventions have limited effectiveness. Some evidence suggests that noninvasive stimulation of the brain can have beneficial effects in the treatment of CVA induced aphasia. In patients with motor aphasia, repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is used to facilitate long-term improvement i...

OBJECTIVE Several studies have shown that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is effective in the treatment of depression in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). However, since research into the effect of this type of rTMS regime on motor function is limited, we studied the effect of rTMS over the DLPFC on the motor functions in P...

The use of electrical motor cortex stimulation (EMCS) for post-stroke pain was established in Japan and has spread globally. EMCS has been used for the treatment of neuropathic pain, Parkinson's syndrome, and recovery of motor paresis. Since 2000, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been developed for the treatment of various neurological disorders. rTMS is a non-invasive me...

Transcranial magnetic stimulation has evolved into a powerful neuroscientific tool allowing to interfere transiently with specific brain functions. In addition, repetitive TMS (rTMS) has long-term effects (e.g. on mood), probably mediated by neurochemical alterations. While long-term safety of rTMS with regard to cognitive functioning is well established from trials exploring its therapeutic ef...

Background: Motor function impairment occurs in approximately two-thirds of patients with subcortical stroke. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a noninvasive technique for modulating cortical excitability. Objectives: The present study was designed for assessing the efficacy of high-frequency rTMS (5 Hz) on ipsilesional primary motor cortex in patients with subcortical stro...

Objective: Stimulation frequency has been considered themost important factor in conventional repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for determining the direction of after effects on corticospinal excitability. Here, we examined the functional relevance of breaks during high-frequency subthreshold rTMS for the induction of facilitatory after effects. Methods: The after effects on c...

Background and Purpose: Although there is some early evidence showing the value of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in stroke rehabilitation, the therapeutic effect of high-frequency rTMS, has not been established. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of different frequencies of rTMS on motor cortical excitability on the affected and non affected hemisphere and ...