The recombination signals (RS) that guide V(D)J recombination are phylogenetically conserved but retain a surprising degree of sequence variability, especially in the nonamer and spacer. To characterize RS variability, we computed the position-wise information, a measure correlated with sequence conservation, for each nucleotide position in an RS alignment and demonstrate that most position-wis...

Previous studies with different experimental methods have demonstrated that photosynthesis significantly influences soil respiration (RS). To compare the experimental results of different methods, RS after girdling and defoliation was measured in five-year-old seedlings of Fraxinus mandshurica from June to September. Girdling and defoliation significantly reduced RS by 33% and 25% within 4 days...

CONTEXT Low bone mineral density (BMD) has been associated with increased all-cause mortality. Cause-specific mortality studies have been controversial. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate associations between BMD and all-cause mortality and in-depth cause-specific mortality. DESIGN AND SETTING We studied two cohorts from the prospective Rotterdam Study (RS), initiated in 1990...

background: almost one third of the global population is living in developing south asia where disease occurrence is high especially in rural areas and people are unaware of water-borne diseases and cost of illness. methods: the quantitative approach involved questionnaire based study (n=50 households). the community awareness, the occurrence of water-borne diseases with related cost of illness...

promotion of the dietary fiber of foods can enhance human health by reducing the risk of many serious diseases. cakes are among the highly consumed foods but sadly of low fiber content. therefore, increasing the fiber content in them is of great importance, and this was the aim followed in this study. wheat flour was partially replaced at 0, 10, 20 and 30% (w/w) with corn resistant starch (rs),...

1Department of Prevention and Infection Control, Hospital Fêmina, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil 2Post-graduate Program in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil 3Department of STDs and AIDS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil 4Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hospital Fêmina, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil 5Graduate Program of Medicine, Unisinos, São L...

5-HT(2)-type serotonin receptors (5-HT(2)Rs) are widely expressed throughout the brain and mediate many of the modulatory effects of serotonin. It has been thought that postsynaptic 5-HT(2)Rs act primarily by depolarizing neurons and thereby increasing their excitability. However, it is also known that 5-HT(2)Rs are coupled to G(q/11)-type G-proteins and that some other types of G(q/11)-coupled...

PURPOSE There are several techniques for measuring macular pigment (MP) in vivo, of which Raman spectroscopy (RS) is a recently developed objective METHOD This study reports the reproducibility, test-retest variability, and validity of RS MP readings, by comparing them with heterochromatic flicker photometry (HFP). METHODS MP was measured with HFP and RS in 120 healthy subjects, and the lat...

BACKGROUND The malignant nature of Hodgkin-Reed Sternberg (H-RS) cells has been questioned due to their scarcity in lymphoma tissues. Recently, using micromanipulation of H-RS cells and single cell PCR evidence was obtained that H-RS cells represent a clonal B-cell population. In these studies H-RS cells were isolated from each one lymph node for a given case. In classical Hodgkin's disease (HD...