in this study, 99 isolates of rhizoctonia were recovered from root and crown samples of pistachio seedlings, and soil samples were collected from major pistachio orchards in kerman province. results revealed that 96 isolates were multinucleate and 3 binucleate. mnr belonged to ­ag-4. results of the pathogenicity tests carried out in the greenhouse, using pistachio isolates, revealed that all mn...

This study researches the causal relationship between exchange rates and stock prices during pre and post financial crisis in Viet Nam, based on the collected daily data from 2005 to 2015. The paper investigates the long-run relationship between above-mentioned two variables using Johansen and Juselius (1990) co-integration test and short run dynamic causal relationships by using Toda and Yamam...

Replacing fossil fuel with biofuel is environmentally viable from a climate change perspective only if the net greenhouse gas (GHG) footprint of the system is reduced. The effects of replacing annual arable crops with perennial bioenergy feedstocks on net GHG production and soil carbon (C) stock are critical to the system-level balance. Here, we compared GHG flux, crop yield, root biomass, and ...

While fungicides may be a major mechanism for control of avocado root rot, integrated management requires several other non-fungicidal approaches which are used together to maximize root rot control. Non-fungicidal methods of control include planting clean avocado nursery stock, selecting low hazard sites, planting on mounds in more hazardous sites, preventing the introduction of P. cinnamomi, ...

We present an algorithm and its software implementation that computes implied volatilities for exchangetraded stock options. The LR (Leisen-Reimer) binomial tree is used for the underlying option pricing, which is adjusted for dollar cash dividends. The Brent’s method is used as the root-finding procedure. The option pricing procedure that is at the core of the root-finding is optimised to maxi...

Root growth potential (RGP) measurement can be time­ consuming and tedious, especially when seedlings have fibrous root systems. A volume-displacement technique involving suspending seedling roots and shoots in a clear plastic tube allows rapid estimation of the volume of plant parts while minimizing gravimetric errors. The technique was tested in three experiments examining (1) the repeat­ abi...