Automated and accurate localization and morphometry of somas in 3D neuron images is essential for quantitative studies of neural networks in the brain. However, previous methods are limited in obtaining the location and surface morphology of somas with variable size and uneven staining in large-scale 3D neuron images. In this work, we proposed a method for automated soma locating in large-scale...

Developmental constraints and trade-offs can limit diversity, but organisms have repeatedly evolved morphological innovations that overcome these limits by expanding the range and functionality of traits. Iridescent colours in birds are commonly produced by melanin-containing organelles (melanosomes) organized into nanostructured arrays within feather barbules. Variation in array type (e.g. mul...

The objective of this study was to investigate the inactivation mechanism of Bacillus subtilis spores by high pressure CO2 (HPCD) processing. The spores of B. subtilis were subjected to heat at 0.1 MPa or HPCD at 6.5-20 MPa, and 64-86°C for 0-120 min. The germination, the permeability of inner membrane (IM) and cortex, the release of pyridine-2, 6-dicarboxylic acid (DPA), and changes in the mor...

Tree invasions have substantial impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, and trees that are dispersed by animals are more likely to become invasive. In addition, hybridisation between plants is well documented as a source of new weeds, as hybrids gain new characteristics that allow them to become invasive. Corymbia torelliana is an invasive tree with an unusual animal dispersal mechan...

in endodontics, treatment of an open apex tooth with necrotic pulp is a problem. it seems that with promotion of remnants of hertwig’s epithelial sheath or rest of malassez accompany with a good irrigation of root canal we can expect root formation.

Tapered columns are a type of column that is used for different purposes, including architectural purposes or structural needs to take into account the changes occur moments along with height column. For example, in highway bridges, tapered reduce number transmitted base and from there foundation. This research studied analysis short reinforced concrete variable cross-sections linear manner by ...

background. maximum sealing ability or adhesion of endodontic sealers can be achieved after an effective removal of smear layer. endodontic irrigants assist in adequate removal of smear layer and thus improve the retention mechanism. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two different root canal irrigating solutions (5.25% naocl followed by 17% edta and qmix) on the apical sealing...

this case report presents an uncommon case of maxillary molar with two palatal root canals and an enamel pearl in the furcation area. the article discusses root canal complexities of maxillary second molars as well as possibility of coexisting anomalies in the region that makes radiographic interpretation difficult and compromises the success of endodontic treatment.

materials and methods: one hundred and thirty five mesial root canals of mandibular first and second molar teeth were selected. access cavities were prepared. after inserting a k-file size #10 into each canal, radiographs were taken. canal curvature was determined by measuring the schneider angle, canal access angle, as well as the canal radius, length, height and curvature starting distance on...

objectives: this study aimed to assess the radicular wall thickness in mandibular incisors with two canals and find the maximum and minimum thickness to prevent root canal treatment (rct) procedural errors. materials and methods: a total of 160 extracted mandibular incisors were selected and radiographed; out of which, 55 had two canals. three parallel transverse sections were made in each toot...