introduction: rotary nickel-titanium (niti) instruments are thought to allow shaping of narrow, curved root canals more efficiently and more effectively than stainless steel hand instruments. however, the continued search for even more effective and safer instruments has resulted in new rotary systems being introduced on a regular basis. the aim of this study was to compare shaping parameters o...

The aim of the present roentgenographic in vitro study was to determine the initial straight length from the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) to the appearance of a root canal curvature in human mandibular premolars. A total number of 282 mandibular premolars were examined. Exclusion criteria comprised root caries, extensive restorations and endodontically treated teeth. The teeth were fixed and d...

The actin cytoskeleton has been proposed to be a major player in plant gravitropism. However, understanding the role of actin in this process is far from complete. To address this problem, we conducted an analysis of the effect of Latrunculin B (Lat B), a potent actin-disrupting drug, on root gravitropism using various parameters that included detailed curvature kinetics, estimation of gravitro...

introduction: apical transportation changes the physical shape and physiologic environment of the root canal terminus. the aim of the present experimental study was to determine the extent of apical transportation after instrumentation with hand k-flexofile and k3 rotary instruments by means of cone-beam computed tomography (cbct). methods and materials: forty mesiobuccal root canals of maxilla...

In excised embryos of Fraxinus ornus, the first macroscopic sign of germination is a curvature near the root apex. Histological studies show that this curvature is due to cell elongation on the convex side and is accompanied by cell division. Metabolic changes, manifested by the disintegration of protein bodies and tissue differentiation, also occur during this time. In embryos treated with phl...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate root canal anatomy of mandibular first molars (MFM) in a selected Iranian Population using clearing technique. METHODS AND MATERIALS A total of 150 extracted MFMs were cleared. The root canal morphology (including the root numbers and root length) and the anatomy of the root canal system (including is the number and type of canals based on Ve...

1. Root Space Decompositions 2 2. Weights 5 3. Weyl Group 8 4. Irreducible Representations 11 5. Basic Concepts of Vector Bundles 13 6. Line Bundles 17 7. Curvature 20 7.1. Curvature of tangent bundles 22 7.2. Curvature of line bundles 24 7.3. Levi curvature 25 8. Ampleness Formulas 27 8.1. Ampleness of irreducible bundles 28 8.2. Ampleness of tangent bundles 29 9. Chern Classes 32 9.1. Chern c...

The study aimed to compare the shaping effects, preservation of the original curvature, and transportation of the apical foramen of Reciproc (VDW, Munich, Germany), UnicOne (Medin, Nové Město na Moravě, Czech Republic), and Protaper Universal (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) in simulated root canals. Thirty resin blocks with simulated curved root canals were distributed into three ...