BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Trocar insertion injury has a high morbidity, mortality, and cost. The purpose of this study was to compare standard trocar entry with our reduced-force closed trocar entry technique by measuring trocar insertion force using a mechanical force gauge. METHODS In the operating room, the force gauge was inserted into a sterile glove and connected to the proximal portion...

background and objectives: operating room (or) scheduling is key to optimal operating room productivity. the significant uncertainty associated with surgery duration renders scheduling of surgical operation a challenging task. this paper proposes a novel computational stochastic model to optimize scheduling of surgeries with uncertain durations. the model considers various surgical operation co...

A joystick text entry method for game controllers and mobile phones would be valuable, since these devices often have joysticks but no conventional keyboards. But prevalent joystick text entry methods are slow because they are selection-based. EdgeWrite, a new joystick text entry method, is not based on selection but on gestures from a unistroke alphabet. Our experiment shows that this new meth...

The advance of computer technology that has greatly exceeded human computational capabilities makes the question of the artificial intelligence (AI) quite natural. If the rate of the progress is maintained, one might anticipate the existence of algorithms mimicking human thinking. Thinking, however, involves not only purely logical operations (enjoying high level of perfection today) but combin...

RNA polymerase (RNAP) is an essential enzyme for cellular gene expression. In an effort to further understand the enzyme's importance in the cell's response to temperature, we have probed the kinetic mechanism of Escherichia coli RNAP by studying the force-velocity behavior of individual RNAP complexes at temperatures between 7 and 45 degrees C using optical tweezers. Within this temperature ra...

Electromigration tests were performed on passivated electroplated Au four terminal Kelvin line structures using the conventional in situ resistance monitoring technique. The stress conditions were a current density of 2.0 MA/cm with ambient temperatures ranging from 325°C to 375°C. The temperature coefficients of resistance (TCR) values were measured prior to current stressing to calculate the ...

We establish the general equivalence between rare event process for arbitrary continuous functions whose maximal values are achieved on non-trivial sets, and entry times distribution measure zero sets. then use it to show that differentiable maps a compact Riemannian manifold can be modeled by Young’s towers, limiting both converge compound Poisson distributions. A similar result is also obtain...

in this research, different alcohols and phenols are subjected to the reaction with hmds in the presence of ionic liquid and silica-supported catalysts. silylation was accomplished under mild reaction conditions at room temperature in short reaction times and good to excellent yields.

We have evaluated the perioperative effects of melatonin with those of midazolam in 75 women in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Patients were given sublingual midazolam 15 mg, melatonin 5 mg or placebo, approximately 100 min before a standard anaesthetic. Sedation, anxiety and orientation were quantified before, and 10, 30, 60 and 90 min after premedication, a...