Due to the huge demand and the importance of 3-D city models, an effective solution for geometrical building modeling is indispensable. From the application point of view, an interactive system for geometrical building modeling based on a semi-automatic approach is presented. A true-orthophoto rectification scheme based on the generated building models is also proposed. The data used in the pro...

despite the similar performance of bazaar1 in different cities of iran, there are some the skeletal differences between markets in different climates. the bazaar roof protects customers against natural events in any climate. the ceiling height and the sitting down of the bazaar`s floor are determined based on the need for air circulation and movement in various climates. hence, combination of a...

To mitigate the urban heat island effect has become a global issue when we are faced with the challenge of climate change. Through literature review, plant photosynthesis can reduce the carbon dioxide and mitigate the urban heat island effect to a degree. Because there are not enough open space and parks, green roof has become an important policy in Taiwan. We selected elementary school buildin...

To establish of estimation for snow cornice on flat roofs, the authors conducted wind tunnel test using natural and field observation subjected to two buildings, then examined methods estimate roof shape coefficient based speed.

This study investigates people's preconceptions of green roofs and their visual preference for different green roof design alternatives in relation to behavioral, social and demographical variables. The investigation was performed as a visual preference study using digital images created to represent eight different alternatives: gravel roof, extensive green roof with Sedums not in flower, exte...

The selection and configuration of building materials for optimal energy efficiency in a building require some assumptions and models for the thermal behavior of the utilized materials. Although the models for many materials can be considered acceptable for simulation and calculation purposes, the work for modeling the real time behavior of phase change materials is still under development. The...

Despite the similar performance of Bazaar1 in different cities of Iran, there are some the skeletal differences between markets in different climates. The Bazaar roof protects customers against natural events in any climate. The ceiling height and the sitting down of the Bazaar`s floor are determined based on the need for air circulation and movement in various climates. Hence, combination of a...

Elastic solutions applicable to single underground openings usually suffer from geometry related simplification. Most tunnel shapes possess two axes of symmetry while a wide range of geometries used in tunneling practice involve only one symmetry axis. D-shape or horse-shoe shape tunnels and others with arched roof and floor are examples of the later category (one symmetry axis). In the present...

It is difficult to evaluate the sloshing load acting on a fixed roof of tank because it depends on the collision of the liquid to the roof. In this paper, the SPH simulation was introduced to evaluate the load acting on a fixed roof. The results obtained by the simulation showed good agreement with those obtained from other method. In addition, the effect of the roof-liquid clearance on the slo...

Airborne laser scanning (ALS) has proven to be a strong basis for 3D building reconstruction. While ALS data allows for a highly automated processing workflow, a major drawback is often in the point spacing. As a consequence, the precision of roof plane and ridge line parameters is usually significantly better than the precision of gutter lines. To cope with this problem, the paper presents an ...