background: in the field of cellular therapy, the impact of confluence degree on harvesting or differentiation of bmmscs and the effect of cell-to-cell contact remain controversial. therefore, the effect of confluence on properties of bmmscs was studied and efficiency of confluence-associated osteogenic differentiation was identified. materials and methods: the impact of 20, 50, 70, 80 and 100%...

The Barato River joins the Ishikari River near the river mouth. That river basin is sometimes in danger of flood because it is low, flat and tidal area around the tributaries influenced by the backwater of the Ishikari River. Therefore the gate is provided at the confluence of Ishikari River to avoid counter flow. Flood forecasting is necessary to determine the gate operation and disaster preve...

Patterns in the temporal composition, abundance and diversity of the phytoplankton community of the Paraná river prior to and after the initial filling phase of the Yacyretá reservoir are analyzed. The study site is located 220 km downstream from the Yacyretá reservoir and 30 km downstream from the confluence with the Paraguay river. Because both rivers remain separate and unmixed at the study ...

This study aims to evaluate the dynamics of fish trophic guilds according longitudinal gradient Paraguay River, northern Pantanal, Brazil. Three river segments were sampled: plateau, confluence and plain. These have different physical biological characteristics, with high water flow in forest areas plateau slow meanders, Pantanal typical vegetation. In total, 26,542 individuals distributed 130 ...

Bifurcations are key geomorphological nodes in anabranching and braided fluvial channels, controlling local bed morphology, the routing of sediment and water, and ultimately defining the stability of their associated diffluence–confluence unit. Recently, numerical modelling of bifurcations has focused on the relationship between flow conditions and the partitioning of sediment between the bifur...

Range expansion of obligate freshwater fishes in the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) of South Africa has mostly been attributed to river capture events and confluence of rivers following sea-level regression. The role of low drainage divides and interbasin water transfers has received less attention. This study analyzed mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences to assess the processes that could have...