Channel bends are one of the most important characteristic features of natural streams. These bends often create the conditions for a hyporheic zone, which has been recognized as a critical component of stream ecosystems. The streambed vertical hydraulic conductivity (Kv), vertical hydraulic gradient (VHG) and Darcian flux (DF) in the hyporheic zone were estimated at 61 locations along a channe...

Flow in river bends is associated with generation of secondary flows that leads to a rather complicated flow pattern around bridge piers located the bend. In this study, patterns rectangular and oblong models collar at 90o angle 180-degree sharp bend an experimental plume were investigated. The 3D velocity data collected using Vectrino velocimeter. results indicated presence pier caused more in...

Every year a large number of bridges flooding in the river just when they most need them there destroy all born. Carried out. In this study, the four fulcrum forms a semi-circular, trapezoidal, rectangular edges rounded rectangle 90 degrees at 70 degrees in Sagittarius with four different discharges depth of constant scouring around the abutment in pure water were examined. For material of flum...

River ice breakup has many socio-economic and ecological implications that primarily result from the formation and release of major ice jams. A key driver of breakup processes is the river discharge, but the presence of fractured ice sheets or moving ice rubble render its measurement or estimation very difficult. Here, we exploit the fact that the acquisitions of individual images of a satellit...

THE Black Death was part ofthe second pandemic ofplague which wrought inconceivable devastation throughout Europe during the Middle Ages. It invaded Europe from the East in the autumn of I347, and entered England through Weymouth early in August I348. By the end of 1349 it had spread all over the country and it remained until i666. During this time when the plague was domesticated there were fo...