We tested the hypothesis that 5-HT promotes the differentiation of enteric neurons by stimulating a developmentally regulated receptor expressed by crest-derived neuronal progenitors. 5-HT and the 5-HT(2) agonist (+/-)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine(.)HCl (DOI) enhanced in vitro differentiation of enteric neurons, both in dissociated cultures of mixed cells and in cultures of crest-derived cel...

The use of medications as an adjunct to alcoholism treatment is based on the premise that craving and other manifestations of alcoholism are mediated by neurobiological mechanisms. Three of the four medications approved in the United States or Europe for treating alcoholism are reported to reduce craving; these include naltrexone (ReVia), acamprosate, and tiapride. The remaining medication, dis...

Short-term (1-3 days) constant light exposure (brief LL) potentiates nonphotic phase shifting induced by sleep deprivation and serotonin (5-HT) agonist stimulation. The present assessments reveal that exposure to brief LL markedly alters the magnitude and shape of the 5-HT1A,7 receptor agonist, 8-(+)2-dipropyl-amino-8-hydroxyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahyronapthalene (8-OH-DPAT) phase-response curve, facili...

1.0 Introduction 1.1 Purpose 1.2 Causes of excessive sleepiness 2.0 Background 3.0 Methods 3.1 Literature search strategy 3.2 Evidence review 4.0 Results 4.1 Treatment of hypersomnia due to narcolepsy with or without cataplexy 4.1.1 Medications 4.1.1.1 Amphetamine, methamphetamine, dextroamphetamine methylphenidate, and related preparations 4.1.1.2 Modafinil and armodafinil 4.1.1.3 Sodium oxyba...

In the present study, we examined the anxiolytic-like effects of (1R,2R,3R,5R,6R)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-6fluorobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (MGS0039), a mGluR2/3 antagonist, in the Vogel conflict drinking test in rats. MGS0039 administered at the doses of 1 and 2 mg/kg ip (yet not at 3 mg/kg) produced anxiolytic-like effects in this test. Diazepam (2.5-10 mg/kg) was us...

Recent evidence suggests that serotonin (5-HT) and a neuropeptide, small cardioactive peptideB (SCPB), exert parallel modulatory actions on neuronal and muscular function in Aplysia via changes in the levels of cAMP. We have examined the effects of both of these neurotransmitters on the adenylate cyclase activity in membrane homogenates of pleural ganglia. The results indicated that 5-HT and SC...

Atypical antipsychotic drugs (APDs) increase dopamine (DA) release in prefrontal cortex (PFC), an effect probably mediated by the direct or indirect activation of the 5-HT(1A) receptor (5-HT(1A)R). Given the very low in-vitro affinity of most APDs for 5-HT(1A)Rs and the large co-expression of 5-HT(1A)Rs and 5-HT(2A) receptors (5-HT(2A)Rs) in the PFC, this effect might result from the imbalance ...