this review gives an overview of our recent findings and developments in research on brain mechanisms of morphine reward from studies using the place preference conditioning paradigm. intracranial place conditioning methodology has become a valuable and firmly established and very widely used tool in behavioural pharmacology and drug reward mechanisms. several studies have established that morp...

Nowadays, developing software would be unthinkable without the use of third-party packages. Although such code reuse helps to achieve rapid continuous delivery end-users, blindly reusing has its pitfalls. For example, prior work investigated rationale for using packages that implement simple functionalities, known as trivial (i.e., in terms size and complexity). This showed although these were ...

introduction: activation of n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) glutamate receptors in the nucleus accumbens is a component of drug-induced reward mechanism. in addition, nmda receptors play a major role in brain reward system and activation of these receptors can change firing pattern of dopamine neurons. blockade of glutamatergic neurotransmission reduces the expression of conditioned place preferenc...

this study was aimed at investigating the impact of organizational factors, leadership style, reward system and job design on psychological empowerment and its dimensions. this study was also aimed at measuring the level of employees' psychological empowerment. applied research method was survey-correlation using questionnaire as the measurement tool. statistical population included all em...

We discuss software packages for solving optimization problems, focusing on fundamental software that assumes that the problemhas already been formulated in mathematical terms. Such packages can be used directly in many applications, linked to modeling languages or to graphical user interfaces, or embedded in complex software systems such as logistics and supply chain management systems.

This paper describes a method to implement the functionality of shared passive packages on top of a logical distributed memory — Linda. From a shared passive package a compiler can construct a new normal package that replaces the shared passive package. The new package contains the same subprograms and is extended with abstract data structures mapping Ada objects onto the storage units of Linda...