BACKGROUND We sought to clarify the association between the personal utilization of general health checkups (GHCs) and medical expenditures (MEs) in a middle-aged Japanese population. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Subjects were 33,417 residents (15,819 males and 17,598 females) aged 48 years or older in 2010 who were invited to undergo GHCs every year. Official records o...

Retrospective studies have always taken for granted that matching should be done on factors which affect the incidence of the disease. Worcester stated that when that "when a disease group is being compared with another group, matching is usually done on variables known to be related to the disease rather than on variables related to the outcome." Miettinen et al. however disagrees. They bel...

A modified critical-incident analysis technique was used in a retrospective examination of the characteristics of human error and equipment failure in anesthetic practice. The objective was to uncover patterns of frequently occurring incidents that are in need of careful prospective investigation. Forty-seven interviews were conducted with staff and resident anesthesiologists at one urban teach...

Providing adults with relevant information (knowledge that they will be tested at some future time) increases motivation to remember. Research has shown that it is more effective to have this information prior to, rather than after, an encoding phase. We investigated this effect in apes and children in the context of tool-use tasks. In Experiment 1 we presented chimpanzees, orangutans, and bono...

Murder followed by suicide (M-S) is a rare phenomenon that has been studied in several countries. Previous studies show that offenders of M-S are predominately men who live in an intimate relationship. Amorous jealousy is often the trigger to commit M-S. Shooting is the most common way to kill a partner and/or children. In general, women are likely to become victims. The aim of this study was t...

Anna Rutherford interviewed Peter Carroll in London in October, 1979, when The Chrzstz(m Brothers was playing at the Riverside Studios. This journal article is available in Kunapipi: http://ro.uow.edu.au/kunapipi/vol2/iss2/5

Hippocampal place responses can be prospectively or retrospectively modulated by the animal's future or prior trajectory. Two main hypotheses explain this. The "multiple-map hypothesis" switches between different maps for different trajectories (rate remapping). In contrast, in the "buffer hypothesis," the hippocampus encodes an ongoing representation that includes the recent past and/or the im...

The risk of atrial fibrillation (AF)-related stroke is usually assessed by calculating the CHA2DS2-VASc score, the components of which are various risk factors, including prior stroke. Although prior stroke is considered the strongest risk factor, the associated risk is actually inferred. Nevertheless, it implies a "freedom-from-event effect" (FEE)-the longer a patient is stroke-free, the lower...

We use an experiment based on the Relationship Dynamics and Social Life (RDSL) study of sexual behavior, pregnancy, and contraceptive use to investigate whether participation in weekly self-reports over one year result in differential effects on related behaviors and attitudes, compared to participation in a one-time follow-up interview requiring retrospective self-reporting for the prior year....