outbreaks causing mass mortalities have been observed in the golden grey mullet (liza auratus) population in southern coastal area of the caspian sea since 2002. the clinical signs include neurological abnormalities, such as erratic swimming behavior, spiral swimming, belly-up at rest and over inflation of the swim bladder. three hundred and twelve samples of moribund fish with sizes that range...

OPINION article Front. Ophthalmol., 10 May 2022Sec. Retina https://doi.org/10.3389/fopht.2022.898181

Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes, caused by high blood sugar levels damaging the back eye (retina). It can cause blindness if left undiagnosed and untreated. However, it usually takes several years for diabetic to reach stage where could threaten your sight. damage vessels in tissue at Poorly controlled risk factor. Early symptoms include floaters, blurriness, dark areas visio...

intraocular metastatic tumors have been increasingly reported in the recent past. unlike choroidal metastasis, metastasis to retina is very rare and so far has been reported in very few case reports only. case presentation : a 56 year-old male who presented with a history of adenocarcinoma of the cecum and underwent lap colectomy for the primary cecal tumor, received adjuvant chemotherapy for a...

the relative eye size, types of visual cell and mosaic, and the existence of retinal tapetum in the eyes of the spotted barb puntius binotatus were determined to gain baseline information on its visual capability. the p. binotatus acquired relatively larger eye size than the other similar sized freshwater fish species with its retina being contained both cone and rod visual cells (cone ellipsoi...

Knowledge of the effect accommodation on image quality peripheral retina is crucial for better understanding visual system, but only a few studies have been carried out in this area. This study was designed to evaluate higher order aberrations from third sixth Zernike polynomials central and up 23° off-axis. We used Hartmann–Shack aberrometer measure coefficients with both accommodated non-acco...