Avian adenovirus was isolated from naturally infected birds during 1990 to 2003 in the vicinity ofKarachi, Pakistan. The virus is known to cause hydro-pericardium syndrome (HPS) in poultry. The mortalitywas recorded 20-50% in commercial broilers. Fifty field samples were collected; however, six samples wereselected for molecular studies. These isolates were grown and characterized by cell cultu...

Listeria monocytogenes (serotype 4b) has caused four major food-borne epidemics in North America. In this study, L. monocytogenes isolates from the Nova Scotia (Canada), Boston (Mass.), and Los Angeles (Calif.) outbreaks were examined by restriction enzyme analysis with the endonuclease HhaI. Human isolates (n = 32) from the 1981 Canadian outbreak were compared with a strain recovered from cole...

Several reports have indicated that infection with Non-Tuberculosis Mycobacteria (NTM) is increasing worldwide.Therefore,monitoring species causing micobacterial infection in any region is of great importance. This study was going to detect, differentiate, and identify pathogenic mycobacteria in primary clinical samples. Eighty samples collected from tuberculosis suspected patients in Isfahan/I...

Background:  With one-third of the world’s population infected, tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common infectious diseases and a major public health problem, especially in developing countries. The efficacy of the BCG vaccine for controlling the disease in adults is poor. The development of an effective TB vaccine is a global objective. An effective tuberculosis vaccine should s...

For the better part of century, microbes have been a treasure trove for deciphering inner workings cell, from early insights into DNA replication and restriction-enzyme-mediated antiviral responses, to unravelling complexities metabolic pathways understanding gene expression its regulatory mechanisms [...]