There have been few studies of lingual morphology and associated papillae of rodents since a 1924 study restricted mostly to Old World taxa (1). This is especially applicable to the North American superfamily Geomyoidea. We examined the distribution patterns and types of lingual papillae for three geomyids and 12 heteromyid rodent species. All member taxa have a single circunivallate papilla, w...

Microarray data from this article have been deposited with the NIH GEO Data Base under accession number GSE15147 ABSTRACT Understanding complex genotype-by-environment interactions (GEI) is crucial for understanding phenotypic variation. An important factor often overlooked in GEI studies is time. We measured the contribution of GEI to expression variation in 4 non-laboratory S. cerevisiae stra...

ASSTRACT.--Intraspecific variation in plumage was used to test the null hypotheses that geographic variation in 280 species of elevationally restricted Andean forest birds is independent of elevation and is not a function of patchy geographic distribution. Both null hypotheses were rejected. At most taxonomic levels, geographic variation in plumage was correlated positively with both the mean o...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The persistence of plants inhabiting restricted alpine areas under climate change will depend upon many factors including levels of genetic variation in adaptive traits, population structure, and breeding system. METHODS Using microsatellite markers, the genetic structure of populations of a relatively common alpine grass, Poa hiemata, is examined across three altitudinal ...

Despite its wide implications for many ecological issues, the global pattern of spatial turnover in the occurrence of species has been little studied, unlike the global pattern of species richness. Here, using a database on the breeding distributions of birds, we present the first global maps of variation in spatial turnover for an entire taxonomic class, a pattern that has to date remained lar...

New weak and strong existence uniqueness results for the solutions of multi-dimensional stochastic McKeanâ??Vlasov equation are established under relaxed regularity conditions. Weak requires a non-degeneracy diffusion no more than linear growth both coefficients in state variable. restricted assumption diffusion, yet without any drift; this part is based on analysis total variation metric.

Background: Due to high genetic variation in human leukocyte antigen )HLA( alleles, epitope-based vaccines don’t show equal efficacy in different human populations. therefore, we proposed a multi-epitope vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 for Iranian populations. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, the proteins without allergenicity and high antigenicity as well as conservancy level from SARS-CoV...