Patients with nephrotic syndrome are at risk of developing thrombosis in both veins and arteries. Various manifestations in different organs have been reported. Thrombi in heart seen, associated with multiorgan thrombosis have been reported on autopsy earlier, but only once in a living patient with nephrotic syndrome. Here, we report a 13 years old boy with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome,...

The term 'minimal change nephrotic syndrome' has become synonymous with the expression 'steroid responsive nephrotic syndrome', the latter term having the merit of focusing on the most important objective characteristic of the condition. Nevertheless, it is somewhat illogical to define this condition by a negative histological feature, which in the majority of cases remains a presumption inferr...

The term 'minimal change nephrotic syndrome' has become synonymous with the expression 'steroid responsive nephrotic syndrome', the latter term having the merit of focusing on the most important objective characteristic of the condition. Nevertheless, it is somewhat illogical to define this condition by a negative histological feature, which in the majority of cases remains a presumption inferr...

The term 'minimal change nephrotic syndrome' has become synonymous with the expression 'steroid responsive nephrotic syndrome', the latter term having the merit of focusing on the most important objective characteristic of the condition. Nevertheless, it is somewhat illogical to define this condition by a negative histological feature, which in the majority of cases remains a presumption inferr...

Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is a common chronic illness characterized by massive proteinuria and hypo-albuminemia in children. Baseline treatment is 6 month-corticotherapy. In cases of steroid resistant/dependent INS several types of treatment are used, including course of methyloprednisolone "pulses", alkylating agents, cyclosporin A, levamisole and mycophenolate mofetil. It has been s...

background nephrotic syndrome (ns) characterized by a large amounts of protein into urine and a set of indications that include: protein in urine, low blood protein levels, high cholesterol levels, high triglyceride levels, and swelling. therefore, aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between prognosis of nephrotic syndrome and blood biomarkers level in children of arak city, i...

The term 'minimal change nephrotic syndrome' has become synonymous with the expression 'steroid responsive nephrotic syndrome', the latter term having the merit of focusing on the most important objective characteristic of the condition. Nevertheless, it is somewhat illogical to define this condition by a negative histological feature, which in the majority of cases remains a presumption inferr...

Membranous nephropathy is one of the most common causes nephrotic syndrome. Among available treatment options, tried and tested regimen modified Ponticelli regimen. Despite adequate therapy, studies have shown that close to one-quarter patients fail attain complete remission. However, data limited regarding who are resistant this