A quantitative model describing the nucleation, energy, and diffusion restraints in reshaping of Ni nanoparticles as a catalyst of carbon nanotubes is developed by introducing the size-dependent thermodynamic quantities in the classical nucleation theory and the diffusion laws. The result from our model calculations is in good agreement with that of the latest time-resolved, high-resolution in ...

The Integrated Care Network (ICN) provides information and support to frontline NHS and Local Government organisations seeking to improve the quality of provision to users, patients and carers by integrating the planning and delivery of services. Key to the role of the ICN is the facilitation of communication between frontline organisations and central government, so that policy and practice in...

This paper addresses the effect of probabilistic selling on inventory decisions and the expected profit through demand reshaping and demand substitution. By considering a scenario with two higher-priced specific products and one lower-priced probabilistic product, we construct a new newsboy-type inventory model with demand reshaping and substitution. A simulation study is implemented to explore...

The manufacturing of the non-circular pipes made by reshaping process is becoming more and more important because of their utilizations as in different industries. In this work, a reshaping process is presented with cold rolling of a circular thick tube into a square cross section between four flat rolls in different passes. The influence of the amount of roll gap reduction in each pass on the ...

We discuss the application of diffraction theory to the reshaping of freely propagating terahertz pulses by narrow apertures. This is accomplished by using two separate electrooptic sampling detectors. The first contains a narrow electrode geometry that does not modify the frequency content of the incident terahertz field, while the second contains a narrow gap between two large electrodes. The...

We experimentally demonstrate the direct measurement of net group and reshaping delays for arbitrary optical pulses in dispersive media, verifying the earlier prediction of Peatross et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 2370 (2000)]. Incoherent pulse propagation in an absorptionless system is well described by net group delay; even the medium causes a great deal of deformation in the transmitted pulse. ...