Currently there are 16 possible races for Heterodera glycines, and these are differentiated based on ability of a nematode population to develop on a set of four differential soybean genotypes. Because results are based on numbers of nematode females that develop to a specific stage rather than on the reproductive capability of these females, race determinations based on female indices may not ...

It is commonly accepted that summer cyanobacterial blooms cannot be efficiently utilized by grazers due to low nutritional quality and production of toxins; however the evidence for such effects in situ is often contradictory. Using field and experimental observations on Baltic copepods and bloom-forming diazotrophic filamentous cyanobacteria, we show that cyanobacteria may in fact support zoop...

The arcuate nucleus is a hypothalamic center that couples energetics and reproduction. Peptide-releasing neurons in the arcuate nucleus receive and process humoral signals from the periphery and relay this information to other nuclei in the hypothalamus and preoptic area. Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is expressed in the arcuate nucleus, and GALP-containing neurons are targets for the action of l...

Fertility in mammals requires adequate nutrition and a certain reserve of metabolic fuel (Van Der Spuy, 1985). Individuals experiencing wasting diseases (e.g. insulin-dependent diabetes), severe dietary restriction (e.g. anorexics), or who are high-performance athletes (e.g. marathon runners or ballet dancers) may have severely impaired reproductive systems (De Souza & Metzger, 1991; Stewart, 1...

Annual data on the 1976–2019 year-classes of pink salmon from Iturup Island are presented, as their number spawning grounds, abundance wild and hatchery juveniles migrating downstream, returns adult fish after marine period life. On average, 1.48 . 106 spawners entered annually rivers in these years 237 fry rolled down (the downstream migration index was 165 per conventional producer), plus 133...

Dairy cows are the key source of milk production in Afghanistan, and is main income for a dairy farm. units herd herds mostly consist lactating cows. Reproductive efficiency an essential component cattle productivity around globe reproductive measured by using indices. The current study was carried out order to determine reproduction condition farms Kabul city. Reproduction data included servic...

Reproduction of reniform nematode Rotylenchulus reniformis on 139 soybean lines was evaluated in a greenhouse in the summer of 2001. Cultivars and lines (119 total) were new in the Arkansas and Mississippi Soybean Testing Programs, and an additional 20 were submitted by C. Overstreet, Louisiana State Extension Nematologist. A second test of 32 breeding lines and 2 cultivars from the Clemson Uni...