All harmonization is not equal. When it comes to child labor, members of an economic or political union, and even their external critics and competitors, generally agree that constituent states should harmonize their laws. Mere trading partners agree to harmonize their copyright laws. There is less agreement about securities law, and much less about other subjects of domestic regulation, includ...

With more vaccines becoming available worldwide, vaccine research is on the rise in developing countries. To gain a better understanding of safety reporting from vaccine clinical research in developing countries, we conducted a systematic review in Medline and Embase (1989-2011) of published randomized clinical trials (RCTs) reporting safety outcomes with ≥50% developing country participation (...

The paper discusses the interaction of ex ante and ex post institutional convergence in the post-Soviet world, i.e. 12 members of the Commonwealth of Independent States. It starts with analysing empirical evidence for institutional convergence in the CIS, and then considers two channels of convergence: institutional competition for mobile capital and ex ante harmonization via interaction in pol...

The paper presents and discusses direct and indirect tuning of a knowledge-driven harmonization model for tonal music. Automatic harmonization is a data analysis problem: an algorithm processes a music notation document and generates specific meta-data (harmonic functions). The proposed model could be seen as an Expert System with manually selected weights, based largely on the music theory. It...

As more countries use HTA to inform decisions on the reimbursement of health technologies, harmonization of evidence requirements between jurisdictions has been proposed, mainly on the grounds of improved efficiency. Harmonization has the potential to avoid duplication of effort for both manufacturers and HTA bodies involved in preparing and reviewing HTA submissions for innovative technologies...

nowadays, harmonization of regulations regarding the sanitary and phytosanitary measures and its advantages and disadvantages is one of the most controversial issues in international trade law. this issue has gain much attention, in particular, after adoption of the wto's agreement on the application of sanitary and phytosanitary measures (sps agreement) and its emphasis on harmonization of san...

This study attempts to compare and highlight the major differences between International Accounting Standards (IAS) and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) with National Accounting Standards (NAS) in one of the developing nations, Iran. Over the past two decades, the Iranian accounting standards setter, Audit Organization, has decided to eliminate the differences between IFRS and...

The review outlines the current issues of Pharmacovigilance System in the Russian Federation, namely present state of regulatory aspects of PV system in Russia, regulatory requirements in Russia and in Eurasian Economic Union, review of the causes of under-reporting of ADRs. Specific focus has been made on topical issues such as a harmonization of the requirements to the Pharmacovigilance Syste...

The purpose of this article is to study the state global convergence financial reporting standards at present stage, as well consider key points process unification International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). To achieve goal, considers concepts convergence, harmonization standardization, presents an analysis intensity use these concept...