INTRODUCTION It seems obvious to apply spatial modelling to wind energy planning: All aspects of this renewable energy source are closely related to location and space. Wind resources are unevenly distributed over the surface of the Earth, and so is the technical, economical, environmental and socially acceptable potential of utilisation. Technological advances in the past two decades have impr...

Renewable energy sources (RES), especially wind power plants, have high priority of promotion in the energy policies worldwide. An increasing share of RES and distributed generation (DG), should, as has been assumed, provide improvement in reliability of electricity delivery to the customers. Paper presented here concentrates on electricity storage systems technologies and applications pinpoint...

Combining energy efficiency with renewable energy sources constitutes a key strategy for a sustainable future. The wind power sector stands out as a fundamental element for the achievement of the European renewable objectives and Portugal is no exception to the increase of the wind energy for the electricity generation. This work proposes an optimization model for the long range electricity pow...

Renewable energy sources (RES), especially wind power plants, have high priority of promotion in the energy policies worldwide. An increasing share of RES and distributed generation (DG), should, as has been assumed, provide improvement in reliability of electricity delivery to the customers. Paper presented here concentrates on electricity storage systems technologies and applications pinpoint...

using photovoltaic systems is gradually expanded by increasing energy demand. abundance and availability of this energy, has turned to one of the most important sources of renewable energy. unfortunately, photovoltaic systems have two big problems: first, those have very low energy conversion efficiency (in act between 12 and 42 percent under certain circumstances). second, the power produced b...

This paper considers the problem of capacity planning and operation of energy grids where the power demands are served from renewable energy sources, such as wind farms, and the transmission network is represented by the High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) lines. The principal question considered in this work is whether a risk-averse design of the grid, including the selection of wind farm locat...

In recent years the expansion planning problem has become increasingly complex. As expansion planning (sometimes called composite or integrated resource planning) is a non-linear and nonconvex optimization problem, researchers have traditionally focused on approximate models of power flows to solve the problem. The problem has also been split into generation expansion planning (GEP) and transmi...