Renewable energy has attracted significant attention over the last decade, conceivably due to its environmental benefits and the recent drops in the development and deployment cost of the technology. The increase in renewable generation, however, has resulted in new challenges in supply-load balancing, owing to its intermittent, non-predictable and volatile generation features. Several methods ...

As the power generation paradigm is going green by involvement of renewable energy sources, the energy management process also has to evolve towards new more powerful, intelligent control methods. The inter-connection of a large number of renewable energy sources to the grid, along with their obvious advantages, makes the grid highly distributed. This may cause problems of efficient control, st...

Regarding the advances in technology and anxieties around high and growing prices of fossil fuels, government incentives increase to produce cleaner and sustainable energy through distributed generations. This makes trends in the using microgrids which consist of electric demands and different distributed generations and energy storage systems. The optimum operation of microgrids with consideri...

ii Acknowledgments The authors wish to acknowledge the extensive contributions of the following people to this report. iii Preface Now is the time to begin planning for the integration of significant quantities of distributed renewable energy onto the electricity grid. Factors such as growing concern about climate change, adoption of state-level renewable portfolio standards and incentives, and...

This paper presents the envisioned next generation power distribution system architecture, the so called FREEDM system. The presented system enables the plug-andplay of distributed renewable energy resources and distributed energy storage devices, therefore functions as the “energy internet”. The recent technical developments are summarized in this paper, with emphasis on the distributed grid i...

The exploitation of renewable energy and the development of intelligent electricity network have become the main concerns worldwide. This paper aims to integrate renewable energy sources, local loads, and energy storage devices into smart microgrids. It proposes a new microgrid configuration required to realise high-performance of distributed generations and will realise innovative control tech...

conventional passive distribution networks are changing to modern active distribution networks which are not radial. conventional load flow methods should be modified for new distribution networks analysis. in modern distribution networks distributed generation (dg) units are embedded with conventional and/or renewable resources. dg units are generally modeled as pv or pq nodes which inject ...

voltage profile and losses are important factors in a distribution network in which there arevariety of ways to improve them. in this paper, distributed generation (dg) is used as a solutionto improve the above characteristics. backward/forward sweep load flow algorithm is used dueto the inefficiency of usual load flow algorithms because of high r/x ratio and their lack ofconvergence in distrib...