The natural complexity of ecological communities regularly lures ecologists to collect elaborate data sets in which confounding factors are often present. Although multiple regression is commonly used in such cases to test the individual effects of many explanatory variables on a continuous response, the inherent collinearity (multicollinearity) of confounded explanatory variables encumbers ana...

Multicollinearity is typically thought of as a problem of large standard errors resulting from the near linear dependence of independent variables. One solution is to have more informative data, possibly in the form of a larger sample. In this paper I argue that this understanding of multicollinearity is only partially correct. The near collinearity of independent variables results in regressio...

Let A be a matrix with its Moore-Penrose pseudo-inverse † . It is proved that, after re-ordering the columns of , projector P = I − has block-diagonal form, that there permutation Π such T diag ( S 1 2 … k ) further each block i corresponds to cluster are linearly dependent other. clustering algorithm provided allows partition into clusters where in correlate only within same cluster. Some appl...

The quadratic assignment procedures for inference on multiple-regression coefficients(MRQAP) has become popular in social network analysis. These tests have been developed to assess the sizes of a set of multiple-regression coefficients. However, research practitioners often use these tests to assess the size of individual multiple-regression coefficients. Although this might be a harmless exte...

This paper presents a procedure for coefficient estimation in a multivariate regression model of reduced rank in the presence of multicollinearity. The procedure permits the prediction of the dependent variables taking advantage of both Partial Least Squares (PLS) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) methods, which is denoted by PLSSVD. Global variability indices and prediction error sums are...

The term “plea bargaining”has become a label often used to describe a series of disparate mechanisms to investigate,prosecute,and adjudicate criminal liability. For some,plea bargaining is the indispensable tool to address criminal conduct,while for others it has become a symbol of coercion and injustice. The purpose of this Article will be to distinguish the very different mechanisms that are ...

Different attempts have been made to answer Reich's question why the majority of those who are hungry don't steal and why the majority of those who are exploited don't strike. The two most influential approaches have been the ideological one and the gunman theory. The gunman theory seems to have the upper hand in that it not only explains many cases of successful oppression by a minority of a m...

The basin of the Tecocomulco lagoon is in southwest state Hidalgo, encompassing part states Puebla andTlaxcala. It was designated a RAMSAR site 2003 by Convention on Wetlands International Importance. waterresource wetland compromised social and ecological uses real loss storage volume thelagoon due to deforestation, causing an increase soil erosion upper basin, flooding, low yields inagricultu...