In instance-based learning, a training set is given to a classifier for classifying new instances. In practice, not all information in the training set is useful for classifiers. Therefore, it is convenient to discard irrelevant instances from the training set. This process is known as instance reduction, which is an important task for classifiers since through this process the time for classif...

In this paper we propose a new algorithm, named NICE, to generate counterfactual explanations for tabular data that specifically takes into account algorithmic requirements often emerge in real-life deployments: (1) the ability provide an explanation all predictions, (2) being able handle any classification model (also non-differentiable ones), (3) efficient run time, and (4) providing multiple...

the identity and unity of the divine attributes in mulla sadra’s view is based on the possibility of extraction of multiple concepts from a single aspect of an instance. this possibility is not compatible with the unity of the concept with its referent and is not also compatible with the denotation of concepts. in this article, the unity of god’s essence and attributes is the main assumption be...