ethan kohlberg, the jewish orientalist and specialist on shi‘a, sees the distortion in holy scriptures, including quran, inevitable. from his point of view, some quranic verses confirm this point. his second proof is the history of the quran and the time when its whole text was written down. in his viewpoint,   hadiths which prove that the quran had been written down in abu bakr’s time ore orie...

quranic knowledge and injunctions can be explained and understood in three levels, and its full grasp will not be possible without considering the prophet¨s interpretation of the qur'an. it is necessary for an interpreter of the qur'an to have access to the prophet¨s interpretation. that is why imam ali, the rightful successor of the prophet, is regarded as the second interpreter or, ...

What we are going to address in this article is the lexical introduction of word despair, meaning Word. Vocabulary, an from perspective etymology or illusion. Such various meanings terms Quranic, literary and philosophical. The main purpose critique concepts works despair poetry Third Brotherhood Western philosophers Spinoza Nietzsche. This emphasizes poems for teachings Holy Quran. We have use...

Barry Smith In previous work, I have drawn attention to certain systematic differences among philosophical traditions as regards to the literary forms that are prevalent In each. In this paper, however, I focus on the commentary form. I raise the question of why the use of commentaries abounds In most traditions except those transmitted In the English language and suggest that problems of trans...

Tafsir Falsafi (philosophical exegesis) is one of the Islamic intellectual resource that have occupied intellectualism Muslim thinkers since early period. However, epistemological side interpretation model was problematic, as it creates controversy among readers. Today, still frequently found from some Quranic studies. This paper discusses Muhammad Husain al-Zahabi’s thoughts on philosophical i...