A unified method for statistical anomaly detection in intrusion detection systems is theoretically introduced. It is based on estimating a dispersion measure of numerical or symbolic data on successive moving windows in time and finding the times when a relative change of the dispersion measure is significant. Appropriate dispersion measures, relative differences, moving windows, as well as tec...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE MR perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) has been extensively used to quantify cerebral perfusion deficits after the onset of focal ischemia. The present study tested whether a relative measure of cerebral blood flow such as is obtained with PWI is sufficient to predict irreversible tissue damage following focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in the rat suture model. METH...

This paper suggests extending scores of technical efficiency as used in, for example, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to efficiency scores defined as so-called fuzzy intervals. Fuzzy scores allow the decision maker to use scores of technical efficiency in combination with other sources of available performance information e.g. expert opinions, key figures etc. In this sense, results of, DEA wil...

Relative entropy is a concept within information theory that provides a measure of the distance between two probability distributions. The author proposes that the amount of information gained by performing a diagnostic test can be quantified by calculating the relative entropy between the posttest and pretest probability distributions. This statistic, in essence, quantifies the degree to which...

This paper presents a method for mining exception rules based on a novel measure which estimates interestingness relative to its corresponding common sense rule and reference rule. Mining interesting rules is one of the important data mining tasks. Interesting rules bring novel knowledge that helps decision makers for advantageous actions. It is true that interestingness is a relative issue tha...

We introduce the notion of relative volume entropy for two spacetimes with preferred compact spacelike foliations. This is accomplished by applying the notion of Kullback-Leibler divergence to the volume elements induced on spacelike slices. The resulting quantity gives a lower bound on the number of bits which are necessary to describe one metric given the other. For illustration, we study som...

A novel system for realtime range and geometry estimation of a group of smartphones colocated in a shared physical space is presented. The system uses off-the-shelf devices and employs audible signals to estimate inter-device (pairwise) distances. Coordinated sound synthesis and processing of a pair of pitched sounds allows to estimate the distance between two devices based on the travel time. ...