Evidence exists for the presence of a specific facial phenotype in nonaffected first-degree relatives of persons with CL/P. An increased risk for olfactory dysfunction has also been reported in CL/P-relatives. These phenotypic features can probably be explained via the presence of CL/P-related susceptibility genes. We aimed at confirming the occurrence of these endophenotypic traits in first-de...

OBJECTIVE Inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) are associated with insulin resistance, adiposity, and type 2 diabetes. Whether inflammation causes insulin resistance or is an epiphenomenon of obesity remains unresolved. We aimed to determine whether first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic subjects differ in insulin sensitivity from control subjects without a family history of...

For each of 41 index patients with probable Alzheimer's disease and a first episode of major depression and 71 nondepressed Alzheimer's disease patients, two first-degree relatives were interviewed by a rater blind to presence or absence of depression in the proband. The depressed patients had significantly more first- and second-degree relatives with depression than did control subjects. The l...

Increasing numbers of people are seeking genetic testing and uncovering information that directly concerns their biological relatives as well as themselves. This familial quality of genetic information raises ethical quandaries for physicians, particularly related to their duty of confidentiality. In this article, the American Medical Association's Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs examin...

INTRODUCTION The prevalence of dementia is growing in Spain, and so is the number of caregivers who are considering the institutionalization of their relatives. The purpose of this study is to identify which variables are associated with caregivers' desire for institutionalization their dementia relatives. PATIENTS AND METHODS Informal caregivers of 243 individuals suffering from dementia wer...

Recent hypotheses argue that phylogenetic relatedness should predict both the niche differences that stabilise coexistence and the average fitness differences that drive competitive dominance. These still largely untested predictions complicate Darwin's hypothesis that more closely related species less easily coexist, and challenge the use of community phylogenetic patterns to infer competition...

Background: Pregnancy is the process from the fertilized ovum to the fetus with capability of extra uterine survival. Pregnancy loss is the most common complication of pregnancies. Advances in the detection of early pregnancy revealed that about 70% of human conceptions fail to achieve viability but clinically recognized pregnancies terminate as a miscarriage in about 15% of cases. About 1 in 3...