Neutering is a risk factor for obesity in companion animals. In a study to determine the total energy requirements of kittens (15-52 weeks) the impact of neutering and age when neutered on intake and body weight (BW) was investigated. Females (n 14), neutered when 19 (early neuter; EN) or 31 (conventional neuter; CN) weeks old (n 7/group), were individually fed to maintain an ideal body conditi...

Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons of the hypothalamus play a key role in regulating food intake and body weight, by releasing three different orexigenic molecules: AgRP; GABA; and neuropeptide Y. AgRP neurons express various G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) with different coupling properties, including Gs-linked GPCRs. At present, the potential role of Gs-coupled GPCRs in regulating the ...

Young children who experience early adversity are at risk for problems regulating emotions, behavior, and physiology, which in turn place them at risk for later psychopathology, school problems, and peer relation difficulties. Therefore, early parenting interventions are critical in helping this vulnerable population develop adequate self-regulatory capabilities. Attachment and Biobehavioral Ca...

Injections into third ventricle of brain of either 4 m Molar or 8 m Molar of GABA were given to intact and ovariectomized female rats to evaluate the effects of these dosages on body weight, food intake, water intake and blood glucose levels. Statistically significant reduction in food and water intake with 8 m Molar GABA was observed in intact female rats. Very precise alterations seen in ovar...

A resource acquisition-allocation model is developed to examine the trade-off between reproduction and somatic protection. Unlike previous studies, resource intake is not assumed to be constrained: instead, resource intake is free to vary, with increased intake being associated with an increased risk of somatic damage. This gives rise to an optimal resource intake as well as an optimal allocati...

The role of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the prolonged regulation of renal function was evaluated during changes in sodium intake and reduction of NO synthesis. It was evaluated in conscious dogs by administering a selective inhibitor (nimesulide) during 8 consecutive days. Nimesulide administration to dogs with normal or high sodium load did not modify glomerular filtration rate but reduced ren...

Free cholesterol has been considered to be a critical risk factor of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It remains unknown whether dietary intake condensed tannins (CTs) have distinguishable effects alleviate damage caused by high diet. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed diet for 6 weeks, and given CTs treatment at dosage 200 mg/(kg·bw·day) the same time. The results indicated that compared with...

Leptin is vital for maintaining energy homeostasis, by controlling food intake and regulating expenditure (fatty acids). It also participates in glycemic thyroid activity, reproductive immune functions. resistance a phenomenon that appears gradually does not simultaneously affect all organs tissues equally. In models of obesity induced high-fat diet, leptin initially manifests the hypothalamus....