abstract comparison of food prices in different periods, indicates fluctuations and continually upward trend. any change in agricultural sector variables, as main food supplier, will affect food price. productivity shocks and production gap are examples of such variables. in this paper ,hodrick prescott and kalman filters are used as generators of productivity shocks and production gap series. ...

Over the years, expenditures of public and private sectors are regulated by activities in oil gas industry. The budget Nigeria is hinged on international price crude any shock affects general country. With quarterly data from period 1981Q1 to 2020Q2, study uses an exponential generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity approach examine volatility inflation level Nigeria. An augmen...

s: The costly external financing assumption in capital shock theories of insurance cycles are often attributed to Myers and Majluf (1984). The purpose of this paper is to revisit the Myers and Majluf model and to propose a modified model that better fits capital shock theories. By so doing, this paper attempts to provide justification for existing empirical papers on insurance cycles. Contrary ...

We accomplish two tasks to characterize aggregate price stickiness in this paper. First, we endogenize β, the fraction of the firms keeping their price unchanged following a money supply shock in the near-rationality model (Akerlof and Yellen, 1985) by introducing a distribution of price-adjustment barriers among the firms into the near-rationality model. Second, as β can be considered an indic...

We combine two unique data sets to document and explain a time varying price rigidity. The first data set consists of the time series of actual retail and wholesale transaction prices, and a measure of upstream commodity cost for 12 products in refrigerated and frozen orange juice categories collected weekly over a three-year period, 1989–1992, at a large midwestern supermarket chain. A special...

Background: Salinity is a major environmental limiting factor, which affect agricultural production. The two Manilkara seedlings (M. roxburghiana and M. zapota) with high economic importance, could not adapt well to higher soil salinity and little is known about their proteomic mechanisms. Objectives: The mechanisms responsible ...

The objectives of this study is to investigate the responses of livestock economic variables (namely, output, consumption, prices, labor and capital) to changes in agricultural productivity, monetary, oil revenue and government spending (fiscal policy). To do so, a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model is constructed for Iran economy disaggregating livestock. Accordingly, the empi...

 The oil price shocks are an important source that affect on TOT in both oil exporting and importing countries. Hence, this paper compares the effects of real oil price shock on TOT in both oil importing and exporting countries, using Panel Data technique and during 1980-2010. To the best of our knowledge, we applied the nonlinear approach in order to assess the asymmetric impact of the oil pri...

For many goods and services, such as cellular-phone service and debit-card transactions, the marginal price of the next unit of service depends on past usage. As a result, consumers who are inattentive to their past usage may be aware of contract terms and yet remain uncertain about the marginal price of the next unit. I develop a model of inattentive consumption, derive equilibrium pricing whe...