In the session-initiated protocol (SIP) for wireless networks, delays and disruptions that occur during the handoff of nodes are related to authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA). Various schemes have been proposed to reduce these handoff delays, and one such proposal, shadow registration in adjacent cells, has been adopted. Shadow registration reduces handoff delays by preregister...

Mobility of nodes is an important issue in mobile adhoc networks (MANET). Nodes in MANET move from one network to another individually and in the form of group. In single node mobility scheme every node performs registration individually in new MANET whereas in group mobility scheme only one node in a group i.e group representative (GR) performs registration on behalf of all other nodes in the ...

Mobility of nodes is an important issue in mobile adhoc networks (MANET). Nodes in MANET move from one network to another individually and in the form of group. In single node mobility scheme every node performs registration individually in new MANET whereas in group mobility scheme only one node in a group i.e group representative (GR) performs registration on behalf of all other nodes in the ...

Most of the current mobility management protocols such as Mobile IP and its variants standardized by the IETF may not be suitable to support mobility management for Web-based applications in an Internet of Things (IoT) environment. This is because the sensor nodes have limited power capacity, usually operating in sleep/wakeup mode in a constrained wireless network. In addition, sometimes the se...

IP Mobility which was established to facilitate mobility within a worldwide system of interconnected computer networks gives a scalable solution for different networks. As the commercial use of the internet becomes common for IP Mobility through the wireless communication, it is necessary to construct a secure IP Mobility in a registration process which informs the location of the portable syst...

case presentation the patient was a 65-year-old female with sps diagnosed 1 year before. assessments were performed, such as range of motion, muscle strength, pain, balance, and functional mobility. she had shoulder pain, with a score of 5/10 on the numerical pain rating scale for both shoulders. moreover, her muscle strength was impaired. although the patient could not maintain an upright posi...

The mobility feature of mobile stations (MSs) imposes a large burden on network traffic control as a result of location management. Design issues of location management include MS registration (updating) and call set-up (paging). Previous approaches introduced several network topologies for updating and paging procedures, but most of them focused on a single problem: either updating optimizatio...

The world is undergoing a major telecommunications revolution that will provide ubiquitous communication access to citizens, wherever they are. Seamless roaming across different wireless networks which has different types of services and quality of service guarantees has becomes a major topic for the past several years in the research area. With the integration of different technologies, the si...