this study was initiated to assess the effectiveness of designating smoking rooms to control environmental tobacco smoke in nursing homes. of the 39 nursing homes located in toledo (a city in ohio, usa) included in the preliminary survey, 33 facilities (85%) allowed smoking, 14 facilities (36%) allowed indoor smoking, and 13 facilities (33%) provided a designated smoking area. three of these 13...

One of the most common concerns in construction projects is changes during execution. Changes can increase cost and duration project hereby, lead to conflict between parties involved projects. The change causes may differ depending on organizations regions characteristics. aim this study investigate impact organizational regional characteristics key factors. In regard, top risky factors were id...

This paper presents an identity-based hierarchical designated decryption (IHDD) scheme which allows a message sender to generate ciphertexts that can be decrypted by (1) only a specified recipient or (2) a specified recipient and all or some of its ancestor users in the hierarchy tree. The newly proposed scheme can be considered as a combination of the hierarchical identity-based encryption (HI...

This paper proposes a designated verifier signature based on the Schnorr signature scheme. One of the advantages of the new scheme compared with the one proposed by Jakobsson, Sako and Impagliazzo is that not only the designated verifier (Bob) cannot convince a third party (Cindy) that a signature is originated by a given signer (Alice), but also nobody else other than Bob can even check the va...

Many surface proteins which are covalently linked to the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria have a consensus C-terminal motif, Leu-Pro-X-Thr-Gly (LPXTG). This sequence is cleaved, and the processed protein is attached to an amino group of a cross-bridge in the peptidoglycan by a specific enzyme called sortase. Using the type strain of Streptococcus suis, NCTC 10234, we found five genes encodin...