Background In recent years, accreditation of private hospitals followed by decentralisation of the Italian National Health Service (NHS) into 21 regional health systems has provided a good empirical ground for investigating the Tiebout principle of “voting with their feet”. We examine the infra-regional trade-off between greater patient choice (due to an increase in hospital services supply) an...

caspian region is on the receiver of caspian sea with five coastal states including of iran, russia, azerbaijan, turkmenistan and kazakhstan - in the surrounding sea, due to having common points in the features of natural geography, special location, political and cultural and historical background, is known as a geopolitical region. following the collapse of the soviet ::::union::::, due to ch...

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with the collapse of the soviet :union:, vacuum of power emerged in the south caucasus. this matter has sparked trans-regional and regional powers competition. the newly established republics create challenges and opportunities for iran and turkey. the result of this situation is the competition between tehran and ankara in the region. this topic is highly important in regional equations becaus...

Iran’s ‘resistance economy’ is sometimes presented as defensive strategy. Despite Washington’s ‘New Middle East’ wars and the rapid evaporation of expected benefits from the long JCPOA (nuclear deal) process, a certain illusion remains that a general ‘normalisation’ with the outside powers might still bring economic benefits to the country. Nevertheless, it remains true that, while Iran is a la...

strategic coalition is a model for regional development and new regionalism. in this process, multinational corporation has basic role for economic partnership with national and regional countries. this trend have been for in formed free trade association situation. regional organizations and frameworks can help determine the perceived regional and global development. global framework activitie...

    Dynamic model,   regional economy,   innovation.   This paper presents a normative balance mathematical model of regional economy that contains a lot of unspecified parameters which are not defined directly by the data of economic statistics. A method for estimation of the model parameters by application of parallel computations on multi-processors systems is presented. It is determined the...

the object of the regional planning is optimum use of resource for the development of regions. one of the most important items in regional development is the recognition of spatial and economical structure of the region. middle sized cities, have the secondary role in the study of economical structure of the regions. global experiments demonstrate that lack of attention to the role of secondary...