This article shows the process of transition from unitary state to decentralisation, which is transfer administrative competences central communities (municipalities). law derived Constitution 18 January 1996, was re-enacted by Law No. 2019/024 24 December 2019 on General Code Decentralised Territorial Authorities, with creation regions and elected regional councillors traditional chiefs appoin...

The armed forces and the army are main elements of national power. Military readiness gives real significance to the geography, natural resources, and industrial power. Military elements of national power include military purposes, military doctrines, military strategies and policies (defensive and non-defensive), forces, training, command, military technology, weapons and equipment, military o...

This application note, which is the first of a two-part series, explains the basics of different SMPS topologies. Applications of different topologies and their pros and cons are also discussed in detail. This application note will guide the user to select an appropriate topology for a given application, while providing useful information regarding selection of electrical and electronic compone...

In recent days, power density has become an important and increasingly universal figure of merit of power supply and power system innovation and performance. Achieving high power density implies the utilization of the latest topological advances in power conversion, employing state−of−the−art control methods and using the best semiconductor technology available for the designer. This paper outl...

The region of the Middle East is highly conflict-loaded. The absence of one distinct regional power may be considered both cause and consequence of this structural feature. At the same time, there are significant power gaps between states in the Middle East, with Israel among the most powerful actors and accordingly defined as a potential regional power. Due to the specific empirical setting of...

The politics of contestation on the part of secondary regional powers such as Argentina, Chile, Colombia and Venezuela towards Brazil as the regional leader oscillate between competition and cooperation, inasmuch as the South American region has one regional power and is a zone of negative peace without aggressive rivalries. The secondary powers use different tactics, which c...

this article reviews past developments of the shanghai cooperation organization (sco) and studies its potentialities in the areas of economy, trade, investment, energy and military power. a study conducted on statistical information of the sco state members shows that the organisation has the capacity to be turned into one of the biggest international hubs in the fields of economy, trade, forei...

the political crisis in lebanon during the past three years has remained one of the critical issues in the regional and international scenes. this article attempts to examine the short-term and long-term causes of the political crisis in lebanon. it proposes that demographic changes in favor of the shias, increased power of hezbollah, the multi-ethnic structure of lebanese society, the type of ...