Th is paper analyses the nature and causes of the patterns of inequality and poverty in India. Since the economic liberalization in the early 1990s, the evidence suggests increasing inequality (in both spatial and vertical terms) as well as persistent poverty. Th e macroeconomic policies possibly responsible for these trends include—fi scal tightening, regressive tax policies and expenditure cu...

Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica is a rare hereditary disorder which presents significant anaesthetic problems. These include malnutrition and anaemia; electrolyte imbalance in severe cases; renal failure and amyloidosis in progressive disease; association with porphyria; a history of steroid therapy. Technical problems associated with the necessity to avoid trauma to the skin and mucous membr...

The career structure initiative of the chief medical officer' and Mrs Renee Short's report on medical education2 have focused attention on the imbalance in the medical career structure. Because of the suggestion that there should be an increase in the number of consultants and the amount of care provided by fully trained doctors it was decided that the characteristics of doctors occupying train...

The impact of global air pollution on climate and the environment is a new focus in atmospheric science. Intercontinental transport and hemispheric air pollution by ozone jeopardize agricultural and natural ecosystems worldwide and have a strong effect on climate. Aerosols, which are spread globally but have a strong regional imbalance, change global climate through their direct and indirect ef...

The paper constructs a pollution control performance (PCP) evaluation model by introducing the norm of n-dimensional space. The PCP of 30 Chinese provinces for the period of 2003-2008 is evaluated based on the model and the factors influencing China's pollution control are further examined. It is found that: (1) China's PCP has improved rapidly but there is a large regional imbalance with the P...

STUDY DESIGN A biomechanical study using human spine specimens. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess whether the presence of cervical sagittal imbalance is an independent risk factor for increasing the mechanical burden on discs adjacent to cervical multilevel fusions. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The horizontal offset distance between the C2 plumbline and C7 vertebral body (C2-C7 Sa...

BACKGROUND Although data from longitudinal studies are sparse, effort-reward imbalance (ERI) seems to affect work ability. However, the potential pathway from restricted work ability to ERI must also be considered. Therefore, the aim of our study was to analyse cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between ERI and work ability and vice versa. METHODS Data come from the Second German S...

Conventional approaches for the treatment of myocardial ischemia increase coronary blood flow or reduce myocardial demand. To determine whether a rightward shift in the hemoglobin-oxygen saturation curve would reduce the metabolic and contractile effects of a myocardial oxygen-supply imbalance, we studied the impact of a potent synthetic allosteric modifier of hemoglobin-oxygen affinity, a 2-[4...