Aim—To evaluate the reliability of dipstick measurements of urine specific gravity (U-SG). Methods—Fresh urine specimens were tested for urine pH and osmolality (U-pH, U-Osm) by a pH meter and an osmometer, and for U-SG by three diVerent methods (refractometry, automatic readout of a dipstick (Clinitek-50), and (visual) change of colour of the dipstick). Results—The correlations between the vis...

Abstract Measurement of the pupillary distance (PD) is one important steps spectacles-making process. PD measurement can be done using Ruler, Auto-refractometer, and smartphones’ apps. The study aims to evaluate apps (Pupil Distance Meter Pro from Vistech Project, Pupil for Eye Glasses VR Headset Glassify Me, Ultimate Rule) compared them with Auto-refractometer as gold standard. A total 39 stud...

The fiber optic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technologies can directly detect the change of refractive index on sensor caused by interaction biochemical molecules. Fiber SPR have advantages small size, low cost, no labeling, high sensitivity, and are easy to realize miniaturization, multi-parameter, real-time in-situ detection. Two types probe-type refractometers constructed based novel two-...