Taraba state broadcasting station (TSBS) is situated in Jalingo with coordinates (8º 56N 11º 55E) transmission frequency of 90.6 MHz covering a distance 250 km and operates for up to fifteen hours day. The signal strength TSBS was taken as function some variables which are temperature, refractivity, humidity, solar radiance other ionospheric factors cognizance. measured values shows negative co...

Many previous studies have demonstrated that GPS radio occultation (RO) data have positive impacts on global operational numerical weather prediction as well as the forecasting of severe weather events such as atmospheric rivers and hurricanes. The assimilation of GPS RO data can be performed with different observation operators, including: local refractivity, local bending angle, nonlocal exce...

This study builds on the earlier work by Odedina and Afullo on Multipath fading in Durban. Their work was based on multipath measurements in Durban over a 6.73 km Line-of-Sight (LOS) link. This submission uses the geoclimatic factor approach and ITU-R recommendations P530-14 to obtain the multipath fading occurrence in five cities in South Africa, including Durban. Three-year radiosonde data is...

Satellite radar interferometry (InSAR) can be applied to study vertically integrated atmospheric refractivity variations with a spatial resolution of 20 m and an accuracy of 2 mm, irrespective of cloud cover or solar illumination. The data are derived from the diierence between the radar signal delay variations within the imaged area during two acquisitions with a temporal separation of one or ...

During the past decade, researchers have been working to develop methods for the assimilation of Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation data into numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. Until recently, two strategies have received the most attention: 1) assimilation of the retrieved bending angle profiles, and 2) assimilation of the retrieved refractivity profiles. The assimilatio...

Radar refractivity retrievals can capture near-surface humidity changes, but noisy phase changes of the ground clutter returns limit the accuracy for both klystronand magnetron-based systems. Observations with a C-band (5.6 cm)magnetronweather radar indicate that the correction for phase changes introduced by local oscillator frequency changes leads to refractivity errors no larger than 0.25 N ...

We present a compact, uniform generalized Sellmeier-equation (GSE) description of air refraction and its dispersion that remains highly accurate within an ultrabroad spectral range from the ultraviolet to the long-wavelength infrared. While the standard Sellmeier equation (SSE) for atmospheric air is not intended for the description of air refractivity in the mid-infrared and long-wavelength in...