AIMS To assess the feasibility of providing a stock of ready made spectacles for correction of refractive error in the general population. METHODS Data were collected in the Visual Impairment Project, a population based survey of Victorian residents aged 40 years or older in randomly selected urban and rural sample areas. This included a refractive eye examination and the proportion of subjec...

As technology and medical devices improve, there is much interest in when and how astigmatism should be corrected with refractive surgery. Astigmatism can be corrected by most forms of refractive surgery, such as using excimer lasers algorithms to ablate the cornea to compensate for the magnitude of refractive error in different meridians. Correction of astigmatism at the time of cataract surge...

The near retinoscopy technique of refractive error determination was compared to the standard method of cycloplegic refraction using 10 "infants" (3-12 months of age) and 10 "children" (32-109 months of age). There was a significant difference between the techniques for both sphere and cylinder power. Although there was no interaction of refractive technique and age group, the difference betwee...

PURPOSE To determine the effectiveness of correcting astigmatism by laser refractive surgery by a vectorial astigmatism outcome analysis that uses 3 fundamental vectors: target induced astigmatism vector (TIA), surgically induced astigmatism vector, and difference vector, as described by the Alpins method. METHODS A data set of 100 eyes that had laser in situ keratomileusis to correct myopia ...

M anagement of astigmatism at the time of cataract or refractive lens surgery has evolved to include arcuate keratotomy and toric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Integration of preoperative corneal diagnostic instrumentation via Streamline digital wireless connectivity to the LENSARTM femtosecond laser (LENSAR Inc., Orlando, FL, US) now allows improved precision and accuracy of arcuate inc...

BACKGROUND Uncorrected refractive errors are the commonest cause of visual impairment in children, with myopia being the most frequent type. Myopia usually starts around 9 years of age and progresses throughout adolescence. Hyperopia usually affects younger children, and astigmatism affects all age groups. Many children have a combination of myopia and astigmatism. To correct refractive errors,...