The formation of chromophores and leucochromophores during the manufacturing of thermomechanical pulp (TMP) has been investigated. As analytical tools, advanced UV-VIS and NMR spectroscopy have been used. With the exception of some pilot plant scale refining experiments, that were carried out at Valmet Fibertech (Sundsvall), the work has been conducted at the Royal Institute of Technology (Stoc...

In this thesis, I propose a holistic approach for capturing, analyzing, and refining behavioral requirements of a software system by synthesizing, analyzing, and refining Modal Transition Systems in a scalable manner.

As part of a program to reduce electrical energy consumption in the refining process, the effects of the ozone and alkaline peroxide treatments on fibre and handsheet properties, prior and subsequent to low consistency (LC) refining, were assessed and compared by applying different levels of ozone and a range of peroxide and alkali charges to a primary stage hemlock thermomechanical pulp (TMP)....

High strength aluminum alloys, especially those containing zirconium, are historically difficult to grain refine. Early efforts by Alcoa indicated that the addition of lithium to these alloys increases difficulty with grain refinement. Although grain refining of alloys 2090 and 2091 was possible, consistent results were not obtained. Statistically-designed experiments were used to quickly ident...

Although there have been numerous studies examining the toxicity and carcinogenicity of nickel compounds in humans and animals, its molecular mechanisms of action are not fully elucidated. In our research, NIH/3T3 cells were exposed to nickel-refining fumes at the concentrations of 0, 6.25, 12.50, 25, 50 and 100 μg/mL for 24 h. Cell viability, cell apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level...

OBJECTIVES To provide a concise and practical guide to the development, modification, and use of behavioral coding schemes for observational data in pediatric psychology. METHODS This article provides a review of relevant literature and experience in developing and refining behavioral coding schemes. RESULTS A step-by-step guide to developing and/or modifying behavioral coding schemes is pr...

To get suitable ladle slag which can avoid slag sticking onto the RH immersion tube during RH refining process of IF steel, the effect of composition on melting point and viscosity of RH refining ladle slag was studied by different additives which is based on CaO. The results of melting point and viscosity testing experiments indicates that, the melting point and viscosity of RH refining ladle ...

Direct methods have made remarkable progress in the computational efficiency of factorization algorithms during the last three decades. The advances in graph theoretic algorithms have not received enough attention from the iterative methods community. For example, we demonstrate how symbolic factorization algorithms from direct methods can accelerate the computation of a factored approximate in...