Lower back pain (LBP) is one of the most common and costly medical problems today [1, 2]. Pain is usually transitory and can arise from the intervertebral discs, bones, ligaments and muscles of the spine. Risk factors for LBP include genetic, environmental, psychosocial and biomechanical influences [3]. However, although 85% of LBP cases have no clear etiology, 97% may be due to musculoskeletal...

The thermomechanical problem involving simple shearing of a finite slab made of an isotropic and viscoplastic material is studied with the objective of finding the e&t of the strain hardening parameter, strain-rate hardening parameters, thermal softening coeflicient and thermal conductivity on the initiation and growth of adiabatic shear bands. The body is placed in a hard loading device, i.e. ...

Three varieties of wheat and knife bevel angles, four levels of moisture content and three shearing speeds of pendulum were considered to determine their effects on the shearing energy of wheat straw. Results showed that the effects of variety, knife bevel angle, moisture content and shearing speed on shearing energy were significant (P<0.01). Shearing energy decreased with decreasing moisture ...

Thermomechanical deformations of a body made of two different materials and undergoing simple shearing deformations are studied with the objectives of finding out when and where adiabatic shear bands will initiate and how they will subsequently grow. Each material is modeled as strain and strain-rate hardening but thermally softening. A shear band is presumed to have formed if the introduction ...

The effect of average strain-rate on the interaction among shear bands in nonpolar and dipolar thermoviscoplastic materials has been investigated. The uniform temperature and stress fields in a block undergoing simple shearing deformations are perturbed when the body just starts deforming plastically and the governing nonlinear coupled partial differential equations are solved numerically. The ...

Particle breakage is one of the issues that significantly affect strength characteristics aggregate. In this paper, pre-crushed limestone aggregate was evaluated through investigating friction angle, stress–strain behaviour, and single-particle strength. The particle phenomenon studied for samples prepared at different conditions, including non-soaked samples, water-soaked acid-soaked samples. ...

– We study the effect of shear on the aging dynamics of a colloidal suspension of synthetic clay particles. We find that a shear of amplitude γ reduces the relaxation time measured just after the cessation of shear by a factor exp(−γ/γc), with γc ∼ 5%. From this rejuvenation effect, we extract a quantitative strain/temperature correspondence between colloidal systems and molecular or spin glass...

To utilize the high mass fraction of silicon material in a nanosatellite based on microelectro-mechanical systems, part of the structural function has been assigned to the flat silicon stacks embracing these systems. Three modules for destructive testing in bending, warping and shearing cases were built with 68x68x1 mm silicon stacks bonded in aluminium frames by in-situ casting of silicone rub...

In this paper we study the homogenization of the system of partial differential equations describing the quasistatic shearing of heterogeneous thermoviscoplastic materials. We first prove the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the system for the general model. We then define “stable by homogenization” models as the models where the equations in both the heterogeneous problems and the h...

Granite residual soil is one of the most frequently encountered problem soils in tropical regions, whose mechanical behavior heavily depends on pattern variation mean effective stress (p’) during shearing, which can be classified into three categories: increasing-p’, constant-p’, and decreasing-p’. Unfortunately, so far, stress–strain strength characteristics granite have been studied mainly un...