Reply by Moyer: The foregoing thought-provoking response to my inaugural IJTMB Research Section editorial takes issue with the way I have conceptualized “reductionism,” and with my position on its role and value in massage therapy (MT) research. I thank the author, Dylan Lott, for opening this dialogue, and for giving me the opportunity to clarify my position. Reductionism, notes The Oxford Com...

Paradigm shifts in science are often coupled to technological advances. New techniques offer new roads of discovery; but, more than this, they shape the way scientists approach questions. Developmental biology exemplifies this idea both in its past and present. The rise of molecular biology and genetics in the late twentieth century shifted the focus from the anatomical to the molecular, nudgin...

The supposed properties of 'genes' have led natural scientists to claim authority to explain the reasons of human action, behavior, and even human nature, which has traditionally been the object of study of the humanities. The aim of this paper is to discuss the possibilities of sociological theory dealing with the biological reductionism that establishes the strict articulation between 'human ...

participation of workers in decision making commensurate with their functional capacity is very useful for the development of human resources which accelerates the goal attainment. participative management and its theoretical history in the west, leadership and management theories through utilization of the results of questionnair regarding the styles. of leadership, combination of personnel re...