The Long-Term Inflow and Structural Test (LIST) program is gathering inflow and structural response data on a Westinghouse 600-kW wind turbine located at a test site near Boulder, Colorado. Data from 1043 ten-minute time segments are analyzed here to determine the dependency of fatigue and extreme loads on inflow parameters. Flap and edge bending moment ranges at the blade root are studied as t...

Knowledge of how air flows through the nasal passages relies heavily on model studies, as the complexity and relative inaccessibility of the anatomy prevents detailed in vivo measurement. Almost all models to date fail to incorporate the geometry of the external nose, instead employing a truncated inflow. Typically, flow is specified to enter the model domain either directly at the nares (nostr...

The shape of the coronary arterial pressure-flow relationship results from the interaction of a number of poorly understood physiological factors. Experiments in which coronary inflow and outflow pressures were coupled so that driving pressure was held constant showed that changes in inflow or outflow pressures altered coronary blood flow: coronary vascular resistance varied inversely with chan...

Venous occlusion strain gauge plethysmography (VOP) is based on the assumption that the veins are occluded and arterial inflow is undisturbed by the venous cuff pressure. Literature is not clear concerning the pressure that should be used. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal venous occlusion pressure at which the highest arterial inflow is achieved in the forearm, calf, and l...

A method for generating three-dimensional, time-dependent turbulent inflow data for simulations of complex spatially developing boundary layers is described. The approach is to extract instantaneous planes of velocity data from an auxiliary simulation of a zero pressure gradient boundary layer. The auxiliary simulation is also spatially developing, but generates its own inflow conditions throug...

Aortic root and valve clots are rare but well described in patients on maximal left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support. We performed a theoretical analysis using computational fluid dynamic analyses in two dimensions to try and ascertain if inflow cannula design/orientation/placement affect aortic root flow dynamics. Two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics using easy CFD-G was perfor...

PURPOSE Flow diverters (FD) are increasingly being considered for treating large or giant wide-neck aneurysms. Clinical outcome is highly variable and depends on the type of aneurysm, the flow diverting device and treatment strategies. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of different flow diverting strategies together with parent artery curvature variations on altering intra-a...

The peripheral and central apparatus for extraretinal (non-visual) sensing of eye position by proprioception (inflow) is documented. The functional significance of this inflowing signal is shown by its role in (1) providing oculomotor stability in fixation and conjugacy, (2) specification of visual direction, (3) development of some visual functions, and (4) depth and vergence responses. Inflow...

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on growth and phosphorus (P) inflow into two species of clover plant with different root morphology were studied. The experiment was arranged as a randomized complete block design consisting of a 2×3×3 factorial combination of two clover species (Trifolium alexandrinum L. and Trifolium pratense L.), three mycorrhiza states (without mycorrhiza, Gl...

Shear layer separated from a bluff bodyshaped structure is very sensitive to the inflow turbulence. Appropriate numerical simulation of the atmospheric boundary layer plays key points in the numerical study of the aerodynamic forces experienced by the structures immersed in the ABL. This paper describes the methods to simulate the inflow turbulence corresponding to different surface roughness. ...