INTRODUCTION Surface relief structures at micro and nanoscales are currently focused in different engineering areas. These structures enable special optical, mechanical or chemical properties of the workpiece surfaces. One example is the riblet surface, on which microgrooves are distributed in flow direction. Compared to smooth surfaces ideal riblet structures have been proven to reduce skin fr...

Maintenance strategies for subsea oil and gas production installations entail the use of specialized equipment and vessels to carry out subsea interventions. The costs for carrying out preventive maintenance are significantly lower compared to the costs of unpredicted failures where in some cases it is necessary to reduce or stop the oil production. Based on a literature review and inputs from ...

With increased international competitiveness in the automotive industry, came the concern of the companies save costs and lower production costs. For this purpose many ways are designed to reduce costs and waste of raw materials and reduce activities that do not aggregate value to manufacturing processes. In the early XVII appears the manufacturing system, which processes were hard with little ...

Truck and shovel operations comprise approximately 60% of the total operating costs in open pit mines. In order to increase productivity and reduce the cost of mining operations, it is essential to manage the equipment used with high efficiency. In this work, the chance-constrained goal programing (CCGP) model presented by Michalakopoulos and Panagiotou is developed to determine an optimal truc...

Metals-additive manufacturing (MAM) is enabling unprecedented design freedom and the ability to produce significantly lighter weight parts with the same performance, offering the possibility of significant environmental and economic benefits in many different industries. However, the total production costs of MAM will need to be reduced substantially before it will be widely adopted across the ...

this study attempted to investigate the process and barriers of flow of technical information in kwpa [1] . a survey method was used to collect the data. interviews with some key persons were also conducted. the target population included both experts and technical managers, and the information output of technical departments. descriptive statistics and spearman's rank correlation coefficient w...

Since lamb is a commodity, producers cannot control the price of the product they sell. Therefore, managing production costs is a necessity. We explored the study of elasticities as a tool for basing decision-making in sheep production, and aimed at investigating the composition and elasticities of lamb production costs, and their influence on the performance of the activity. A representative s...

The production costs of government are public expenditures on the goods and services which uses. These include compensation for employees (i.e. wages) purchases (e.g. supplies schools hospitals). They do not spending that does involve a purchase good or service social welfare, unemployment benefits other transfers). Outsourcing is portion used to buy from entities outside government, i.e. priva...

energy is considered as an important input for agricultural products. a decrease in energy subsidy and its demand reduces agricultural outputs and raises the production costs. changes in production and costs may significantly affect welfare of the agricultural producers. the main objective of this study was to analyze the impact of increased energy prices (reduction in the subsidy) on the agric...