Microscopic standard redox potential, a new physico-chemical parameter was introduced and determined to quantify thiol-disulfide equilibria of biological significance. The highly composite, codependent acid-base and redox equilibria of thiols could so far be converted into pH-dependent, apparent redox potentials (E'°) only. Since the formation of stable metal-thiolate complexes precludes the di...

The redox potentials of electron transfer proteins vary over a wide range, even when the type of redox center is the same. Rees [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1985) 82, 3082-3085] proposed that this variation of redox potential partly reflects the different net charges of the proteins, and he presented a linear correlation between these two properties for 36 proteins. A review of the factors that...

SIGNIFICANCE The redox code is a set of principles that defines the positioning of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD, NADP) and thiol/disulfide and other redox systems as well as the thiol redox proteome in space and time in biological systems. The code is richly elaborated in an oxygen-dependent life, where activation/deactivation cycles involving O₂ and H₂O₂ contribute to spatiotempo...

Exercise redox biochemistry is of considerable interest owing to its translational value in health and disease. However, unaddressed conceptual, methodological and technical issues complicate attempts to unravel how exercise alters redox homeostasis in health and disease. Conceptual issues relate to misunderstandings that arise when the chemical heterogeneity of redox biology is disregarded: wh...

Redox signalling comprises the biology of molecular signal transduction mediated by reactive oxygen (or nitrogen) species. By specific and reversible oxidation of redox-sensitive cysteines, many biological processes sense and respond to signals from the intracellular redox environment. Redox signals are therefore important regulators of cellular homeostasis. Recently, it has become apparent tha...

Redox conditions in natural waters are a fundamental control on biogeochemical processes and ultimately many ecosystem functions. While the dioxygen/water redox couple controls redox thermodynamics in oxygenated aquatic environments on geological timescales, it is kinetically inert in the extracellular environment on the much shorter timescales on which many biogeochemical processes occur. Inst...

The redox active proteins contain redox centers. These can be organic or metal compounds and complexes, which are important for their function. The redox potentials of the cofactors represent key parameters of these proteins. In chapter 3, I described the way how we generated the structure of the artificial Cb from scratch. Then, we used that structure to evaluate the redox potentials of its tw...

Redox regulatory system controls normal cellular functions. Controlled changes in redox couples potential serve as components for signal transduction, similarly to the phosphorylation cascade. Cellular redox biology requires both compartimentalisation and communication of redox systems: the thermodynamic disequilibrium of the major redox switches allows rapid and sensitive responses to perturba...

Reduction-oxidation or redox potential is typically collected by measuring redox at a single time interval and returning to the electrode to collect subsequent intervals to generate a temporal gradient of changes in redox. Typically, intervals between sampling are on the scale of hours, days, and weeks, rather than one, five, or 20 minutes due to logistical constraints of collection. These cons...

0A thin film of cobalt hexacyanoferrate (CoHCF), an analogue of mixed-valence Prussian blue, was deposited electrochemically on the glassy carbon, platinum and gold electrode surfaces in 0.5M KC1 solution. The electrochemical behavior of these modified electrodes show three couples of redox peaks by CV in a supporting electrolyte solution of 0.5M NaCl, whereas for Au modified electrode only ...