We propose a single-beam generation scheme to obtain a bottle-hollow (BH) beam using a binary phase mask and a focusing lens. The resulting BH beam is shown to possess an open bottle-shaped null intensity region, which has two hollow tube-shaped null intensity regions located on two opposite sides of this bottle. It is found that this scheme works identically under incident illumination with ra...

Heat and flow enhancement is a critical weapon for the design of highly efficient, compact, cost-effective devices. The objective this analysis detailed examination implementation different fin shapes on internal side tube aiming heat enhancement. reference empty examined, while use circular, rectangular, triangular fins also studied. Different simulations were conducted with developed computat...

1. Abstract The aim of this paper is to show the calculation and optimization of a steel frame according to Eurocode 1 and 3 (parts 1.1 and 1.2). A comparison is made using square hollow section (SHS) columns and SHS or rectangular hollow section (RHS) for beams at a pressure vessel supporting frame (Figure 1). Optimizing for fire resistance for a given time it shows the prize of safety, the re...

This paper deals with the economic optimization of reinforced concrete road vaults and with the optimization of rectangular hollow section bridge piers typically used in road construction. It shows the efficiency of a heuristic optimization by the threshold accepting algorithm. The evaluation of solutions follows the Spanish Code for structural concrete. Design loads are in accordance to the na...

This paper examines the numerical work of thermal convection over tube banks with winglets through heat exchanger in two parts under turbulent conditions. The first section investigates influence two-phase (water and air) flow on performance kinds vortex generators (Delta Rectangular) across oval banks. second studied four types (Delta, Rectangular, Zikzak, Sinusoidal wavy), circular tubes, for...

Morphologically controlled synthesis of ferric oxide nano/micro particles has been carried out by using solvothermal route. Structural characterization displays that the predominant morphologies are porous hollow spheres, microspheres, micro rectangular platelets, octahedral and irregular shaped particles. It is also observed that solvent has significant effect on morphology such as shape and s...