This study describes renal function at multiple points in time after transplantation and the influence of donor and recipient factors independent of rejection on this function. Donor and recipient records for 83 consecutive cadaveric renal transplants performed between 1992 and 1994 at Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center were reviewed retrospectively. Donor age, gender, weight, terminal serum ...

Activity patterns of projection neurons in the putamen were investigated in behaving monkeys. Stimulating electrodes were implanted chronically into the proximal (MI(proximal)) and distal (MI(distal)) forelimb regions of the primary motor cortex (MI) and the forelimb region of the supplementary motor area (SMA). Cortical inputs to putaminal neurons were identified by excitatory orthodromic resp...

We describe the acquisition of flucytosine, azole, and caspofungin resistance in sequential Candida glabrata bloodstream isolates collected from a bone marrow transplant patient with clinical failure. Point mutations in C. glabrata FUR1 (CgFUR1) and CgFKS2 and overexpression of CgCDR1 and CgCDR2 were observed in resistant isolates.

liver or hepatic transplantation (lt) is the replacement of a diseased liver with part or whole healthy liver from another person (allograft). human liver transplants were first performed by thomas starzl in the united states and roy calne in cambridge, england in 1963 and 1967, respectively. liver transplantation is a viable treatment option for end-stage liver disease and acute liver failure....

It is known that the mean investment evolves from a very low initial value to some high level in the Continuous Prisoner's Dilemma. We examine how the cooperation level evolves from a low initial level to a high level in our Demographic Multi-level Donor-Recipient situation. In the Multi-level Donor-Recipient game, one player is selected as a Donor and the other as a Recipient randomly. The Don...

The effect of the genotype of 2 selected rabbit strains (White New Zealand and Synthetic) on the survival rate at birth of frozen embryos was studied. Morulae were obtained 64-66 h postcoitum from 32 multiparous does naturally mated with males of the same strain (16 does of Synthetic strain (SY) and 16 does of the White New Zealand strain (NZ)). Morphologically normal morulae were slowly frozen...

Social behaviours can be categorized according to the direct fitness consequences they entail for the actor and recipient (Fig. 1; Hamilton, 1964, 1970, 1971). A behaviour increasing the direct fitness of the actor is mutualistic if the recipient also benefits, and selfish if the recipient suffers a loss. It is easy to see how such behaviours can be favoured by natural selection. Behaviours whi...

What is altruism? Altruism is a type of social behaviour. From an evolutionary point of view, a behaviour is social if it has consequences for both the actor and another individual — the recipient. Social behaviours can be categorized according to whether their consequences for the actor and recipient are beneficial, increasing fitness, or costly, decreasing fitness (Figure 1). Altruism is when...