Abstract Recently, multilayer piping has been used widely. Multilayer piping has excellent durability and corrosion resistance. An effective means for quality maintenance of multilayer piping is the laser ultrasonic technique for checking the state of adhesion of the vinyl chloride layer and the steel layer of multilayer piping. The wave is refracted at the interface between the steel layer and...

Emulsification of produced immiscible mixed liquid of oil and water is a problem frequently recognized in surface production facilities in oil fields. The formed emulsions are required to be demulsified to avoid the negative consequences on piping and processing equipment. Nowadays, chemical demulsification is a preferable method to avoid or retard emulsification during the process of oil treat...

The characteristics of acoustic wave transmitting in a metamaterial-type seawater piping system are studied. The metamaterial pipe, which consists of a uniform pipe with air-water chamber Helmholtz resonators (HRs) mounted periodically along its axial direction, could generate a wide band gap in the low-frequency range, rendering the propagation of low-frequency acoustic waves in the piping sys...

AIM This report attempts to illustrate the positive impact on the quality of dialysis water produced over a 16-year period through the progressive optimization of technological procedures. METHODS Fundamental steps included the following: elimination of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), periodical controls, introduction of stainless steel and/or polyethylene polymer and substitution of single-pass re...

Service experience from 27 seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) plants confirms that there is an evident risk of corrosion if wrong steel grade is used for the high pressure piping. Neither 316L nor 317L possesses sufficient corrosion resistance. Not even highly alloyed grades like 2205 and 904L show reliable service performance. However, no corrosion has been reported for 254 SMO, which has been us...

The traditional Dutch way to deal with piping failure in river dikes is the implementation of piping berms. The disadvantage of such a measure is the required inland space. Relief wells, on the other hand, require less or no inland space representing an attractive alternative solution. The aims of this paper are first, to show how reliability analysis of relief wells systems can be carried out,...

Piping systems are a representative social infrastructure to provide oil, gas, and water. Damage piping may cause serious consequences, such as fire, water outage, environmental pollution. Therefore, need be protected from natural disasters, earthquakes. Earthquakes deformation that exceeds design criteria. For example, large relative displacements liquefaction of the ground resulting in loss s...

In delta areas the land is protected from floods and high tides by dikes. In general these are constructed of impervious clays and built on a sandy aquifer as subsoil. Such structures are vulnerable to an erosion effect called piping. The actual word 'piping' refers to the development of shallow channels in the sand below the dike, which begins at the downstream side of the structure. Here ofte...

Applying the modular technology of developing of the problem-oriented extensions of a CAD system to a problem of automation of creating of the axonometric piping diagrams on an example of the program system TechnoCAD GlassX is described. The proximity of composition of the schemas is detected for special technological pipe lines, systems of a water line and water drain, heating, heat supply, ve...

Alias Limited, market leader for piping isometric software, today announced the availability of I-View, a 3D pipe visualization tool. I-View is capable of handling single or multiple pipes from any 3D plant design system supporting ISOGEN. Even piping ® les from diå erent systems can be viewed as a single model. This new module now provides I-Sketch users with the ability to view pipes in true ...